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"Peace to End All Peace": The Making of the Modern Middle East. I. Introduction. War and the Collapse of the Ottoman Empire. II. Zionism, Nationalism, and Imperialism. A. The Emergence of the Zionist Movement B. The Early Zionists 1. Leo Pinsker, Auto-Emancipation (1882)
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"Peace to End All Peace": The Making of the Modern Middle East
I. Introduction • War and the Collapse of the Ottoman Empire
II. Zionism, Nationalism, and Imperialism A. The Emergence of the Zionist Movement B. The Early Zionists 1. Leo Pinsker, Auto-Emancipation (1882) 2. Theodor Herzl, Der Judenstaat (1896)
II. Zionism 3. The Second Aliyah C. Arab Nationalism?
III. The Outbreak of World War I A. The Guns of August B. Stalemate on the Western Front
IV. War Comes to the Middle East A. Germany Gains an Ally B. The British and French Respond C. Disaster 1. Kut (April 1916) 2. Gallipoli (April 1915-December 1915)
V. Diplomatic Maneuverings A. The Amir Husayn 1. The Husayn-McMahon Correspondence (1916) • Zionists • Balfour Declaration (1917)
V. Diplomatic Maneuverings C. France, Russia, and Britain 1. Sykes-Picot Agreement (1916)
VI. Allied Victory • Palestine/Syria (1917-1918) • Iraq (1918) • Armistice (October 1918)
VI. The Making of the Modern Middle East A. Versailles, 1919 1. Wilson’s 14 Points • San Remo (April 1920) • Mandates 2. Turkey
VI. The Making of the Modern Middle East • Resistance 1. Egypt and Iraq 2. French Syria 3. Turkey
VI. The Making of the Modern Middle East • The “Settlement of 1922” • Turkey • Syria and Lebanon • Hashemite Iraq and Jordan • Kuwait
VI. The Making of the Modern Middle East 4. British Palestine 5. Egypt 6. The Hejaz 7. Competing Nationalist Claims
VII. Conclusion • Today’s Problems