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Nationalism

Nationalism. China. Political Parties in China. 1920s: Central authority in China ceases Nationalist Party: Headed by Sun Yixian 1921: The CCP (Chinese Communist Party) is formed Soviets advise the CCP to join with the Nationalists to bring change to China… WHY?

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Nationalism

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  1. Nationalism

  2. China

  3. Political Parties in China • 1920s: Central authority in China ceases • Nationalist Party: Headed by Sun Yixian • 1921: The CCP (Chinese Communist Party) is formed • Soviets advise the CCP to join with the Nationalists to bring change to China… WHY? • The Nationalists and Sun Yixian welcome the help • 1922: Form an alliance to oppose warlords and imperialists

  4. Sun Yixian & Chiang Kai Shek (Jiang Jieshi)

  5. Taking Control of China… • For three years the parties worked together and took control of all of China south of the Yangtze River. • The groups split: WHY? • In 1925 General Chiang Kai-shek launched the Shanghai Massacre. > 1000’s were killed > The alliance ceased to exist

  6. Kai-Shek founded a new republic at Nanjing and tried to reunify the country.

  7. Most Communist leaders went into hiding in Shanghai. • Some communists fled south to Jiangxi • Here a young leader by the name of Mao Zedong would take control • He believed that a revolution of peasants driven by poverty would be successful… Who does that sound like?

  8. Mao Zedong • Mao’s used Guerrilla tactics to fight against the larger Chinese army

  9. The Long March • In 1933 The Chinese army had Mao’s Peoples Liberation Army (PLA) surrounded. • But the PLA broke through the lines over 6,000 miles to protect their base camp. • They fought all the way there • Many starved or froze to death. • Of the 90,000 who started the march, only 9,000 survived. • Many thought the Communist threat was over, But Mao had become a hero.

  10. The Long March

  11. New China Under Kai-shek • Kai-shek announced that the plans of Sun Yixian would be lived out • Political training would be required to prepare them for a constitutional government. • Till then the Nationalist would use dictatorial powers to: > institute land reforms > modernize industry

  12. Years of civil war and neglect made it a very tough task to change China. • There were clashes between the middle and peasant classes. • Kai-shek tried to link Confucian values with modern Western innovations. > called the “New life Movement” • Kai-shek was also faced with other problems such as: • Keeping control over all the provinces • The Great Depression • Attacks from Japan

  13. Kai-shek did have some successes such as: > Massive road building projects > rebuilt and extended the railroad > established a national bank >improved the educational system • His major failure was in not being able to deal with redistributing the wealth. • This will come back to haunt China in 1945

  14. Communist Revolution 1949

  15. China under Communist Rule • Mao Zedong will rule until his death in 1976 • Communist government very oppressive • Intellectuals and any and all opponents are silenced • This oppression leads to the Tiananmen Square Massacre in 1989

  16. Tiananmen Square

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