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Chapter 22 Infection Control

Chapter 22 Infection Control. Infection Control. Infectious diseases Contagious or communicable diseases and community-acquired infections Persistence of infectious diseases The current public health problem of AIDS, HIV, and SARS. Infection.

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Chapter 22 Infection Control

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  1. Chapter 22 Infection Control

  2. Infection Control • Infectious diseases • Contagious or communicable diseases and community-acquired infections • Persistence of infectious diseases • The current public health problem of AIDS, HIV, and SARS

  3. Infection • Infection: condition that results when MOs cause injury to a host • Colonization: condition that results when microbes are present but host is without signs or symptoms of infection • Progress of infections through distinct stages

  4. The Course of Infectious Diseases

  5. Infection Control Precautions • Infection control precautions: physical measures designed to curtail the spread of infectious diseases

  6. Infection Control Precautions (cont’d) • Standardprecautions • Standard precautions reduce transmission of MOs from both recognized and unrecognized sources • Followed when potential exists for contact with blood, all body fluids except sweat, nonintact skin, mucous membranes

  7. New Standard Precaution Recommendation • Respiratory Hygiene/ Cough etiquette • Control precautions for special Lumbar Procedures

  8. Infection Control Precautions (cont’d) • Transmission-based precautions • Airborne • Droplet • Contact

  9. Transmission-Based Precautions

  10. Infection Control Measures • Personal protective equipment • The purpose and characteristics of cover gowns • Face-protection devices • Gloves

  11. Personal Protective Equipment

  12. Infection Control Measures (cont’d) • Personal protective equipment (cont’d) • Removing personal protective equipment • Disposing of contaminated linen, equipment, and supplies • Double bagging

  13. Double-Bagging Technique

  14. Infection Control Measures (cont’d) • Client environment • Infection control room • Equipment and supplies • Methods of discarding biodegradable trash • Removing reusable items • Delivering laboratory specimens • Transporting clients with infectious diseases

  15. Psychological Implications • Being attentive to client sensibilities • Promoting social interaction • Combating sensory deprivation

  16. Providing Sensory Stimulation

  17. Nursing Implications • Frequently identified nursing diagnoses when caring for clients with infectious diseases • The nursing diagnosis of risk for infection transmission • Imparting of infection prevention teaching measures to client and family

  18. Preventing Infections

  19. General Gerontologic Considerations • Susceptibility to infections among older clients due to decreased immune system function and inadequate fluid/nutrition intake • Subtler symptoms of infections among older adults • Infections more likely to have a rapid course and life-threatening consequences once established

  20. General Gerontologic Considerations (cont’d) • Change in behavior and mental status can signal infectious process • The high incidence of TB among older adults, especially those in long-term care • Maintaining intact skin is excellent first-line defense against nosocomial infections • Prompt perineal hygiene is best technique for preventing urinary tract infections

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