Co-Ethnic Relationships and Tendencies of Korean Entrepreneurs in Japan :

1. Co-Ethnic Relationships and Tendencies of Korean Entrepreneurs in Japan : A Case Study of Ikuno Area, Osaka JO Hyunmi Kyungpook National University , KOREA

2. The Purpose of the Study The purpose of this study is to explore the changes in characteristics of Korean migrants’ businesses by generation The Focus of the Study The role of the ethnic networks including ethnic financial institutions, on their businesses -1-

3. Influential Factors of Ethnic Networks Host Society Social Class Structure Occupational Structure Views and Policies Toward Social Minority Group -2-

4. Indicators for Understanding Ethnic Relationships Business partners Transaction between ethnic community members Main customers Business method Methods to employ The level of dependency on ethnic banking institutions -3-

5. Methods of seeking employment (1980) Source ; zainichi doho rodo mondai kenkyukai(It means a study group of labor Issues of Korean residents in Japan) survey of the office) -4-

6. The scale of business(1980) Source ; zainichi doho rodo mondai kenkyukai(Which means a study group on labor Issues of Korean residents in Japan) survey of the office. Valid responses ; 126 -5-

7. Relations with business owners(1980)① -6-

8. Relations with business owners② Source ; KIM Myung Soo, 1993 -7-

9. Job searching networks of Korean residents in Japan by generation (1998) Source ; Lee Heesuk, 2003 -8-

10. Industries and Foreign Population in Ikuno Ward Industries ; A typical concentration of minor companies - mainly private enterprises in retailing and manufacturing especially metal and rubber industries Foreign Population (2005) Population : 138,550 The highest rate of foreign population In Japan (1/4 residents are foreign nationals) -9-

11. Characteristics of industries in Ikuno(1999) * Wholesale trade and retail trade/cafes and restaurants Source ; The enterprise department of Ikuno Ward. 1999.7 -10-

12. Distribution of the Answers by Their Occupation and the Distinction of Sex -11-

13. A Category and a Form of Businesses (2005) -12-

14. The Duration of Current Occupation Frequency (%) 0-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 21-25 26-30 30- years -13-

15. <reference> Methods of Korean entrepreneurs in Kanagawa Prefecture to collect capital source; 神奈川県内在住外国人実態調査委員会(1990) A ; Own capital, B ; Ethnic banks, C ; General banks, D ; General credit associations E ; Public loan, F ; Relatives and acquaintance, G ; A salaried worker’s loan, H ; Mutual financial support among a Korean community in Japan * The number of answers ; 233 -14-

16. Own capital Ethnic banks General banks Ger.credit ass. Public loan Relatives Salaried works loan The others A Category of the Businesses by the methods of collecting a capital A ; Cafes & Restaurants, B ; Finance & Insurance, C;Recreational services, D ; Wholesale trade and Retail trade, E ; Construction, F ; Transport & Ccommunication services, G ; Manufacturing, H ; Property, I ; Secondhand goods trading & sales, J ; Waste disposer, K ; Hairdressers -15-

17. Attending or not attending of the entrepreneurs’ meetings for the same industry

18. Methods to employ -17-

19. Methods to employ and criteria of employment -18-

20. Ethnic networks strong Construction Welfare related work Other services Sales of foods (Korean customers) week strong Networks of same Category of Industry Cafes & Restaurants Sales of foods (Japanese customers) Manufacturing week -19-

21. Globalization Changesin time Relationships with Japanese Changes of social structure Relationships with Korean Changes of economic structure China’s open market policy Existence of low Salary workers