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Basic English Connectors

Basic English Connectors. PART (1). Why are connectors used?. Connectors are used to link sentences & sometimes clauses , as in : They didn’t win. However , they played better than last week. In addition , they scored two goals.

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Basic English Connectors

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  1. Basic English Connectors PART (1)

  2. Why are connectors used? • Connectors are used to link sentences & sometimes clauses, as in : They didn’t win. However, they played better than last week. In addition, they scored two goals. She failed in the exam because she was lazy.

  3. Types of Connectors!

  4. ADDING CONNECTORS : To add information, supporting ideas presented earlier … • Positions of Connectors: (1) Front (2) Mid (3) End 1. It’s described as downsizing. In other words, people are losing their jobs. 2. Jack is good at languages. He’s also studying engineering. 3. She speaks a little Spanish too/as well. 4. * She speaks a little Spanish also. (( besides, furthermore, indeed, likewise, moreover, That is, for instance, In particular, ……. ))

  5. Examples: • I enjoyed the foreign languages. In particular, I like English. • William doesn’t help with the homework. He has, for example, never washed the dishes. . She told me she wanted to join the college of Basic Education. That is (to say) she wanted to be a primary teacher. . The study of smoking habits is incomplete. There is no mention of teenagers , for instance.

  6. Contrasting Connectors: To show contrast introducing unexpected information…. • Positions : (1) Front (2) Mid (3)End 1. He tried hard. However, he failed. 2. I was offered to ride, but I chose to walk instead. 3. It feels like summer, yet according to the calendar we’re still in early spring. ((( in contrast, nevertheless, on the other hand, rather, in spite of, despite ,……)))

  7. Connectors Used for Adding & Contrasting: ( actually , in fact & after all ) Adding Connectors Contrasting Connectors I call her Aunt Emily , but she is actually, not my cousin. . I called her Aunt Emily, but she is my cousin, in fact. . I’m an adult , after all. • I’ve known Jack for years. Actually , we went to the same school. • They went to the same school, in fact. • I don’t have to tell my parents every thing. After all, I am 22.

  8. Result Connectors : To show that what follows is a resultof or is caused by earlier events: (( therefore, as a result, accordingly, as a consequence, hence, thus, so, consequently , …..)) 1. The man killed his wife and he decided to do it. Therefore he was guilty of murder. 2. This detergent is highly concentrated and thus you will need to dilute it.

  9. Listing Connectors : to show the order of things in a list or a sequence.. • We can use first (firstly), second (secondly), third (thirdly) ,……. We we sometimes use then or next instead of secondly or thirdly , …etc. 1. We really have to clean the house. First, we have to take out the rubbish. Then/Second, we ‘ll have to wash the dishes piled up in the kitchen sink. Third / Next, we need to scrub the floor because it’s dirty. (( For a start, first of all, in the first place, to begin with, to start with, finally,…… ))

  10. We can use a phrase when we are going provide a summary of points already made: (( to sum up, in brief, in conclusion, in short, to conclude, to summarize )) To sum up, they liked our ideas, but they want to know more about the costs involved.

  11. Adverbs & Phrases as Connectors

  12. Connectors : Focus Structures PART (2) A focus structure is a structure in which one part of a sentence is moved to front position . There are two ways:

  13. Exercises: • Complete each cleft sentence, emphasizing the underlined part, to express the same meaning: • 1. The car smoke is damaging our health. It ……………………………… • 2. We had to clean up all the mess. It ………………………………………… • 3. Jack watches TV in his room instead of studying. What …………… • 4. Scientists now believe that human activity is the cause. What …

  14. The Possible Answer • 1. It’s the car smoke that’s damaging our health. • 2. It was us who had to clean up all the mess. • 3. What Jack does is watch TV in his room instead of studying. • 4. What scientists now believe is that human activity is the cause.

  15. Connectors or Prepositions

  16. Examples: 1. Tom went to Cambridge. Sarah chose Oxford instead of Cambridge. • He went to Cambridge. She chose Oxford instead. • Not ( Oxford instead Cambridge ) 2. There was not any butter. We used margarine instead. Instead of the butter we used margarine.

  17. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION Compiled by : Asst.Prof. Muayad R. Al-Bakri April, 2018

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