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The Rise of Islam

The Rise of Islam . Section 1. The Rise of Islam. Location Origin: Mecca. MECCA. The Arabs. Lived in the Arabian Peninsula Organized tribes to help one another Each tribes ruled by a Sheikh Ancestors Abraham and Ishmael built the Kaaba Supreme God is Allah. The Prophet Muhammad.

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The Rise of Islam

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  1. The Rise of Islam

  2. Section 1 The Rise of Islam

  3. Location Origin: Mecca MECCA

  4. The Arabs • Lived in the Arabian Peninsula • Organized tribes to help one another • Each tribes ruled by a Sheikh • Ancestors Abraham and Ishmael built the Kaaba • Supreme God is Allah

  5. The Prophet Muhammad • Parents died at an early age • Married a wealthy elderly woman named Khadija • Believed to have met a Christian monk who spoke to him about becoming the great prophet of Allah

  6. The Revelation • Travels to cave to meditate on Mt. Hira • Received first revelation from the Angel Gabriel • Revelations formed the Quran

  7. Hijrah • Journey of Mohammed and his followers to Medina • Occurred in 622 • Year one in the official Islam calendar • Received support from Bedouins • desert Arabs

  8. Islam • Monotheistic • Created Shari’ah • Religion is not separate from law • Created the five pillars of faith

  9. Five Pillars of Faith • Confess: There is no god but Allah and Muhammad is His prophet • Pray five times a day • Give alms to the needy • Purify self through fasting • Pilgrimage to Mecca

  10. Section 2 The Arab Empire and Its Successors

  11. Caliph • Head of Islam (like a pope) • Abu Bakr • Successor of Muhammad • Ali, Muhammad’s son in law • Next in line to rule after Abu death

  12. The Umayyads • In 661, Mu’awiyah became caliph • Made caliphate hereditary to his own family • He established the Umayyad Dynasty • Moved the capitol from Madinah to Damascus

  13. Umayyad Conquests • Conquered the Berbers in 8th Century • By 725, Spain became a Muslim state • Defeated by the Byzantines

  14. Umayyad Revolt • Revolt led by Hussein • Lost revolt; outnumbered • Split Iraq into two groups • Sunni Rulers • Accept Umayyad as rulers • Shiite rulers • The descendants of Ali as true rulers of

  15. Abbasid • Overthrew Umayyad dynasty • Built new capital city at Baghdad • 9th Century Harunal-Rashid ruled greatly • Period of growth and prosperity • Empire Declined corrupted by money

  16. The Seljuk Turks • Nomadic people from central Asia • 1055 captured Baghdad command of the empire • Sultan or holder of power • Defeated the Byzantines in 1071 • Took over the Anatolian Peninsula

  17. The Mongols • Pastoral people came from Gobi in 13th Century • Destructive conquests • In 1258 seized Persia and Mesopotamia • In 1258 seized Baghdad • The new center of Islam, Cairo in Egypt

  18. Section 3 Islamic Civilization

  19. Islamic World • Extensive trade by ship and caravan • Trade between Morocco and Caspian Sea • Many people stilled lived of the land

  20. Role of the Cities • Trade shifted to Cairo • Baghdad, Cairo, and Damascus center of activity • Bazaar, covered market, • Cordoba • Europe's largest city after Constantinople

  21. The Islamic Society • Lived life according to Allah’s teachings in the Quran • Everyone considered equal • Slaves • Served in the army • Recruited from Asia

  22. The Role of Women • Quran granted women equality • Men dominated Muslim society • Women had many rights • The culture of women having to cover their body was common in cities

  23. Section 4 The Culture of Islam

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