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Respiratory System

Respiratory System. A breath of fresh air!. Introductory points:. Your respiratory system is made of: A pair of lungs Series of passageways into the body Thin sheet of muscle (the diaphragm). Respiration – Not just breathing!. Includes all mechanisms Getting oxygen to cells of body

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Respiratory System

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  1. Respiratory System A breath of fresh air!

  2. Introductory points: • Your respiratory system is made of: • A pair of lungs • Series of passageways into the body • Thin sheet of muscle (the diaphragm)

  3. Respiration – Not just breathing! • Includes all mechanisms • Getting oxygen to cells of body • Getting rid of carbon dioxide • Formation of ATP in cells • Involuntary process controlled by brain • Medulla oblongata maintains homeostasis and regulates levels of CO2 in blood.

  4. New Vocabulary! • Trachea – windpipe • Bronchi – small air tubes in lungs • Alveoli – sacs of the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged

  5. The path air takes…(External respiration) • Take air into the body through mouth or nose. • Air flows into pharynx, passes the epiglottis, and moves through larynx • Air travels down trachea (windpipe) to two bronchi tubes which lead into the lungs. • When you swallow food, the epiglottis covers the entrance to the trachea to prevent choking.

  6. AIR IS VERY DIRTY! • Your trachea and bronchi are lined with cilia and mucus. • The cilia beat upwards so that the foreign material can be expelled by coughing or sneezing or swallowed! • This is how the respiratory system works to help the immune system! THE SYSTEMS ARE ALL CONNECTED!!!

  7. External Respiration continued… • Air travels through the bronchi tubes into smaller branches called bronchioles. • Eventually, air travels into the air sacs called alveoli. • Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in alveoli. • Diffusion of oxygen and CO2 into air and blood takes place easily because the walls of the alveoli are only 1 cell thick! • Alveoli are surrounded by blood vessels that transport the oxygen and wastes throughout the body.

  8. Blood transport of gases • Once oxygen from air diffuses into the blood vessels surrounding the alveoli, it is pumped back by the heart to the body cells, where it is used for cellular respiration. • In cellular respiration, cells use oxygen to break down glucose and release energy in the form of ATP.

  9. Blood transport of gases continued… • Carbon dioxide and water are the waste products of this process. • Water stays in cell or diffuses into blood. • Blood going to alveoli from cells is HIGH in CO2 and LOW in oxygen. • CO2 diffuses into air and is carried out of the body and oxygen diffuses into blood and the oxygen-rich blood leaves lungs and goes into heart to be pumped into the body.

  10. Mechanics of breathing: • INHALE – muscles between ribs contract and rib cage rises. • Diaphragm muscle contracts, becomes flattened, and moves lower in chest cavity. • Space in chest cavity increases, which makes a slight vacuum. • Air rushes into lungs because air outside body is under more pressure than air inside lungs.

  11. Mechanics of breathing: • EXHALE – muscles relax and ribs drop down in chest cavity. • Diaphragm relaxes and returns to resting position. • Space in chest cavity decreases and puts pressure on air, forcing it out of the alveoli.

  12. Learn about ASTHMA!Learn about ALLERGIES!Learn about LUNG CANCER!

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