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Learn about the processes of DNA replication, transcription, and translation, as well as the differences between DNA and RNA. Discover the key enzymes and molecules involved in these processes and explore important experiments in the field of genetics.
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HMD Ch 8 Biology Review DNA, RNA, Proteins Holt McDougal Biology
Question 1 • 1a. Making a copy of DNA is called__________________. • 1b) Which nitrogen base isn’t used during this process because it’s only in RNA not in DNA? • ____________
Answer 1 • 1a. Making a copy of DNA is calledReplication • 1b) Which nitrogen base isn’t used during this process because it’s only in RNA not in DNA? • Uracil
Q 2 • Name the enzyme you learned about that adds the complementary nucleotides and spell checks in the picture of DNA Replication. • ___________________ .
A 2 • Name the enzyme you learned about that adds the complementary nucleotides and spell checks in the picture of DNA Replication. • DNA Polymerase
Q 3 This process of making an RNA message (mRNA) from the DNA code is called _____________________________
A 3 • This process of making an RNA message (mRNA) from the DNA code is called Transcription
Q 4 Which kind of RNA has an ANTICODON region and carries the amino acids to the ribosome?
A 4 • Which kind of RNA has an ANTICODON region and carries the amino acids to the ribosome? • Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Q 5 • Tell at least 2 ways RNA is different from DNA.
Q 6 • What do we call the small pieces of DNA that are edited out of the mRNA message before it is expressed? (you can think of these pieces as getting in the way, so they are removed).
A 6 • 15. What do we call the small pieces of DNA that are edited out of the mRNA message before it is expressed? (you can think of these pieces as getting in the way, so they are removed). • INTRONS
Q 7 • When making DNA, CYTOSINE always pairs with _______________________.
A 7 • When making DNA, CYTOSINE always pairs with GUANINE.
Q 8 • Using an RNA message to make a protein is called ______________.
A 8 • Using an RNA message to make a protein is called Translation
Q 9 • 9 . Name this subunit used to build DNA and RNA.
A 9 • 19. Name this subunit used to build DNA and RNA. • NUCLEOTIDE
Q 10 • Give the complementary DNA strand. • A T T G C C A G C
A 10 • Give the complementary DNA strand. • A T T G C C A G C T A A C G G T C G
Q 11 An experiment conducted by Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase using a blender & bacteriophages showed that • A. pneumonia kills mice • B. Proteins carry the genetic code • C. DNA can be transferred between bacteria • D. DNA carries the genetic code
A 11 An experiment conducted by Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase using a blender & bacteriophages showed that • A. pneumonia kills mice • B. Proteins carry the genetic code • C. DNA can be transferred between bacteria • D. DNA carries the genetic code
Q 12 • 12) The process in which one bacteria is changed by the transfer of genetic material from another bacteria is called • _________________.
A 12 • 12) The process in which one bacteria is changed by the transfer of genetic material from another bacteria is called • Transformation
Q 13 • Name the nucleic acid that is double stranded and contains deoxyribose sugar.
A 13 • Name the nucleic acid that is double stranded and contains deoxyribose sugar • DNA
Q 14 • Name this kind of mutation
A 14 • Name this kind of mutation • INVERSION
Q 15 • 15) Name the woman whose X-ray pictures of DNA helped James Watson and Francis Crick to figure out the structure of DNA.
A 15 • 15) Name the woman whose X-ray pictures of DNA helped James Watson and Francis Crick to figure out the structure of DNA. • Rosalind Franklin
Q 16 What is a bacteriophage? • Virus that infects bacteria • Bacteria that infects viruses • Virus that infects humans
A 16 What is a bacteriophage? • Virus that infects bacteria • Bacteria that infects viruses • Virus that infects humans
Q 17 17) It has been discovered that __________is the genetic material. A) Proteins B) Viruses C) DNA D) RNA
A 17 17) It has been discovered that __________is the genetic material. A) Proteins B) Viruses C) DNA D) RNA
Q 18 Name the 5-carbon sugar in DNA.
A 18 The 5 carbon sugar in DNA is deoxyribose
Q 19 19) Name the 5-carbon sugar in RNA
A 19 • 19) the 5-carbon sugar in RNA is RIBOSE
Q 20 • 20) Do multiple replication forks slow down or speed up DNA replication?
A 20 • 20) Do multiple replication forks slow down or speed up DNA replication? • SPEED UP
Q 21 • List the 3 parts of a nucleotide.
A 21 • List the 3 parts of a nucleotide. • sugar, • Phosphate group, • Nitrogen base
Q 22 • 22) which Scientist(s) showed that genetic material can be transferred between dead & live bacteria? • A) Griffith • B) Avery • C) Hershy & Chase • D) Watson & Crick
A 22 • 22) which Scientist(s) showed that genetic material can be transferred between dead & live bacteria? • A) Griffith • B) Avery • C) Hershy & Chase • D) Watson & Crick
Q 23 • T or F: “Avery’s experiment showed that Transformation is prevented by DNA-destroying enzymes.
A 23 • T or F: “Avery’s experiment showed that Transformation is prevented by DNA-destroying enzymes. TRUE
Q 24 • Which scientists did research w/ bacteriophages & a blender? • A) Watson & Crick • B) Hershey & Chase • C) Griffith & Avery
A 24 • Which scientists did research w/ bacteriophages & a blender? • A) Watson & Crick • B) Hershey & Chase • C) Griffith & Avery
Q 25 • Hershey & Chase’s experiment showed without question that ________ stores genetic information in cells. • A) RNA B) DNA C) Proteins D) Lipids