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HMD Ch 8 Biology Review

Learn about the processes of DNA replication, transcription, and translation, as well as the differences between DNA and RNA. Discover the key enzymes and molecules involved in these processes and explore important experiments in the field of genetics.

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HMD Ch 8 Biology Review

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  1. HMD Ch 8 Biology Review DNA, RNA, Proteins Holt McDougal Biology

  2. Question 1 • 1a. Making a copy of DNA is called__________________. • 1b) Which nitrogen base isn’t used during this process because it’s only in RNA not in DNA? • ____________

  3. Answer 1 • 1a. Making a copy of DNA is calledReplication • 1b) Which nitrogen base isn’t used during this process because it’s only in RNA not in DNA? • Uracil

  4. Q 2 • Name the enzyme you learned about that adds the complementary nucleotides and spell checks in the picture of DNA Replication. • ___________________ .

  5. A 2 • Name the enzyme you learned about that adds the complementary nucleotides and spell checks in the picture of DNA Replication. • DNA Polymerase

  6. Q 3 This process of making an RNA message (mRNA) from the DNA code is called _____________________________

  7. A 3 •  This process of making an RNA message (mRNA) from the DNA code is called Transcription

  8. Q 4 Which kind of RNA has an ANTICODON region and carries the amino acids to the ribosome?

  9. A 4 • Which kind of RNA has an ANTICODON region and carries the amino acids to the ribosome? • Transfer RNA (tRNA)

  10. Q 5 • Tell at least 2 ways RNA is different from DNA.

  11. A 5

  12. Q 6 • What do we call the small pieces of DNA that are edited out of the mRNA message before it is expressed? (you can think of these pieces as getting in the way, so they are removed).

  13. A 6 • 15. What do we call the small pieces of DNA that are edited out of the mRNA message before it is expressed? (you can think of these pieces as getting in the way, so they are removed). • INTRONS

  14. Q 7 • When making DNA, CYTOSINE always pairs with _______________________.

  15. A 7 • When making DNA, CYTOSINE always pairs with GUANINE.

  16. Q 8 • Using an RNA message to make a protein is called ______________.

  17. A 8 • Using an RNA message to make a protein is called Translation

  18. Q 9 • 9 . Name this subunit used to build DNA and RNA.

  19. A 9 • 19. Name this subunit used to build DNA and RNA. • NUCLEOTIDE

  20. Q 10 • Give the complementary DNA strand. • A T T G C C A G C

  21. A 10 • Give the complementary DNA strand. • A T T G C C A G C T A A C G G T C G

  22. Q 11 An experiment conducted by Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase using a blender & bacteriophages showed that • A. pneumonia kills mice • B. Proteins carry the genetic code • C. DNA can be transferred between bacteria • D. DNA carries the genetic code

  23. A 11 An experiment conducted by Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase using a blender & bacteriophages showed that • A. pneumonia kills mice • B. Proteins carry the genetic code • C. DNA can be transferred between bacteria • D. DNA carries the genetic code

  24. Q 12 • 12) The process in which one bacteria is changed by the transfer of genetic material from another bacteria is called • _________________.

  25. A 12 • 12) The process in which one bacteria is changed by the transfer of genetic material from another bacteria is called • Transformation

  26. Q 13 • Name the nucleic acid that is double stranded and contains deoxyribose sugar.

  27. A 13 • Name the nucleic acid that is double stranded and contains deoxyribose sugar • DNA

  28. Q 14 • Name this kind of mutation

  29. A 14 • Name this kind of mutation • INVERSION

  30. Q 15 • 15) Name the woman whose X-ray pictures of DNA helped James Watson and Francis Crick to figure out the structure of DNA.

  31. A 15 • 15) Name the woman whose X-ray pictures of DNA helped James Watson and Francis Crick to figure out the structure of DNA. • Rosalind Franklin

  32. Q 16 What is a bacteriophage? • Virus that infects bacteria • Bacteria that infects viruses • Virus that infects humans

  33. A 16 What is a bacteriophage? • Virus that infects bacteria • Bacteria that infects viruses • Virus that infects humans

  34. Q 17 17) It has been discovered that __________is the genetic material. A) Proteins B) Viruses C) DNA D) RNA

  35. A 17 17) It has been discovered that __________is the genetic material. A) Proteins B) Viruses C) DNA D) RNA

  36. Q 18 Name the 5-carbon sugar in DNA.

  37. A 18 The 5 carbon sugar in DNA is deoxyribose

  38. Q 19 19) Name the 5-carbon sugar in RNA

  39. A 19 • 19) the 5-carbon sugar in RNA is RIBOSE

  40. Q 20 • 20) Do multiple replication forks slow down or speed up DNA replication?

  41. A 20 • 20) Do multiple replication forks slow down or speed up DNA replication? • SPEED UP

  42. Q 21 • List the 3 parts of a nucleotide.

  43. A 21 • List the 3 parts of a nucleotide. • sugar, • Phosphate group, • Nitrogen base

  44. Q 22 • 22) which Scientist(s) showed that genetic material can be transferred between dead & live bacteria? • A) Griffith • B) Avery • C) Hershy & Chase • D) Watson & Crick

  45. A 22 • 22) which Scientist(s) showed that genetic material can be transferred between dead & live bacteria? • A) Griffith • B) Avery • C) Hershy & Chase • D) Watson & Crick

  46. Q 23 • T or F: “Avery’s experiment showed that Transformation is prevented by DNA-destroying enzymes.

  47. A 23 • T or F: “Avery’s experiment showed that Transformation is prevented by DNA-destroying enzymes. TRUE

  48. Q 24 • Which scientists did research w/ bacteriophages & a blender? • A) Watson & Crick • B) Hershey & Chase • C) Griffith & Avery

  49. A 24 • Which scientists did research w/ bacteriophages & a blender? • A) Watson & Crick • B) Hershey & Chase • C) Griffith & Avery

  50. Q 25 • Hershey & Chase’s experiment showed without question that ________ stores genetic information in cells. • A) RNA B) DNA C) Proteins D) Lipids

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