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Learning Theories and the Kick

William Hoffman Walden University Richard W. Riley School of Education and Leadership EdD Student EDUC 8101-2. Learning Theories and the Kick. A. Historical significance 1 . The student will be shown the history associated with an athletic technique.

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Learning Theories and the Kick

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  1. William Hoffman • Walden University • Richard W. Riley School of Education and Leadership • EdD Student • EDUC 8101-2 Learning Theories and the Kick

  2. A. Historical significance 1. The student will be shown the history associated with an athletic technique. 2. Although the individual technique will not be broken down, each student will begin to grasp an understanding that athletic techniques are governed by laws that have been studied for centuries. B. Practical significance 1. The student will be shown various learning theories as they evolved and how each one may be applied to the athletic technique. 2. The student will be expected to grasp one-several of the learning theories and be able to utilize the theory(s) in their own individual coaching style. 3. Players may also grasp various learning theories and apply them to their own individual technique. Learning Objectives

  3. AristotleThe Father of Kinesiology

  4. Archimedes“Give me a place to stand on and I can move the earth”

  5. Claudius Galen

  6. Sir Isaac Newton

  7. Law of Inertia • Force = Mass x Acceleration • Law of action/reaction Newton’s Three Laws

  8. Ivan Pavlov“Conditioned Response”

  9. Behaviorism • Operant Conditioning • Discovery • Experiential • Humanist • VMBR Learning theories and the art of kicking a football.

  10. Acts get stronger with positive reinforcement. “the idea that bonds between stimulus and response take the form of neural connections. Learning involves the "stamping in" of connections, forgetting involves "stamping out" connections” (Cooper, n.d.). EDWARD THORNDIKE’S“Connectionism”

  11. Animal Intelligence

  12. Law of Effect a) Responses to a situation that are followed by satisfaction are strengthened; and b) Responses that are followed by discomfort are weakened(Human Intelligence, 2007). • Law of Readiness a series of responses can be chained together to satisfy some goal which will result in annoyance if blocked (Tip, n.d.). • Law of Exercise The law of exercise specifies that the connection was established because the S-R pairing occurred many times (the law of effect) and was rewarded (law of effect) as well as forming a single sequence (law of readiness) (Tip, n.d.). THORNDIKE’S THREE LAWS

  13. SATISFACTION • Improvement through reward, immediate feedback. • Repetition will strengthen learning. Law of Effect

  14. learning is dependent on the learners readiness to act • a series of responses can be chained together to satisfy some goal which will result in annoyance if blocked Law of Readiness

  15. Come to practice ready to learn. • Explanation of material will be dealt with in the following fashion. • Visualization- Players will be shown the proper technique • Explanation- Material and techniques will be presented orally • Demonstration- Proper execution by one of the accomplished players Law of Readiness

  16. PROPER SPEED • ½ speed for understanding • ¾ speed for confidence • Full speed for perfection Law of Exercise

  17. B.F. SkinnerOperant Conditioning

  18. “the behavior is followed by a consequence, and the nature of the consequence modifies the organism's tendency to repeat the behavior in the future.” A behavior followed by a reinforcing stimulus results in an increased probability of that behavior occurring in the future” (Boeree, C.G., 1998). Operant Conditioning

  19. Jerome BrunerDiscovery Learning

  20. Techniques are broken down from simple to complex. • A vivid picture should occur. Discovery Learning

  21. David Kolb Kolb’s Cycle Experiential Learning

  22. Four Stages of Experiential Learning

  23. Abraham Maslow Carl Rogers HumanisticLearning

  24. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

  25. *VMBR

  26. Have the philosophies of learning changed throughout time? Conclusion

  27. As the world around us changes, will we constantly be in a learning process? As the World Turns…

  28. The Athlete Evolves

  29. 1. How would Edward Thorndike coach a kicker? • 2. Let’s assume a kicker gets homesick and wants to drop out of school. What advice do you think Abraham Maslow would have for him? • 3. How would you explain VMBR or mental rehearsal to someone? • 4. The game is tied and you are the coach. What do you tell the kicker before he attempts the game winning field goal? What learning theorist would it parallel? TEST

  30. Amaral, J., & Sabbatini, R. (n.d.). What is a conditioned reflex? Retrieved from http://www.cerebromente.org.br/n09/mente/pavlov_i.htm • Aristotle. (1945). Progression of animals. Translated by E.S. Foster. Cambridge: Harvard University • Armand, T. (2007, August 9). Motivation-why?. Retrieved from http://www.armannd.com/motivation.html • Assis, AKT. (2008). The law of gravity and the first law of mechanics. Montreal: C. Roy Keys. • Atherton, J. S. (2010). Learning and teaching: Experiential learning. Retrieved from http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/ experience.html • Behaviorism. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.funderstanding.com/content/behaviorism • Boeree, C. G. (1998). B. F. Skinner. Retrieved September 19, 2003 from http://www.ship.edu/%7Ecgboeree/skinner.html • Connectionism theory (E. Thorndike). (n.d.) Retrieved from http://tip.psychology.org/thorn.html • Cooper, J., & Glassow, R. (1972). Kinesiology. Saint Louis: The C.V. Mosby Company. References

  31. Cooper, S. (n.d.). Theories of learning in educational psychology. Retrieved from http://www.lifecircles-inc.com/Learningtheories/behaviorism/ Thorndike.html • Constructivist theory (J. Bruner). (n.d.). Retrieved from http://tip.psychology.org/bruner.html • Discovery Learning (Bruner) at Learning Theories. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.learning-theories.com/discovery-learning-bruner.html • Gisel, H. (n.d.). Does your mind limit your body?. Retrieved from http://ezinearticles.com/?Does-Your-Mind-Limit-Your-Body?-Get-To-Know-Your- Physical-Limits!&id=5160128 • Hall, K.J. (n.d.). Carl rogers. Retrieved from http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/rogers.htm • Heath, T.L. (1953). The works of archimedes. New York: Dover Publications. • Infed. (n.d.). david a. kolb on experiential learning. Retrieved from http://www.infed.org/biblio/b-explrn.htm • Knowledge Base. (n.d.). Experiential learning (Kolb). Retrieved from http://www.learning- theories.com/experiential-learning-kolb.html • PBS. (1998). Watson launches behaviorist school of psychology. Retrieved from http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/dh13wa.html References

  32. Simons, J. (1987). Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Retrieved from http://honolulu.hawaii.edu/ intranet/committee/FacDevCom/guidebk/teachtip/maslow.htm • Sports. (n.d.). Law of readiness. Retrieved from http://sports.jrank.org/pages/9303/law- readiness.html • Nobel Foundation. (2010). The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1904: Ivan Pavlov. Retrieved November 15, 2010, from http://nobelprize.org/nobelprizes/medicine/laureates/1904/pavlov-bio.html • Operant conditioning (B.F. Skinner). (n.d.). Retrieved from http://tip.psychology.org/skinner.html • Theories in practice: Operant conditioning. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://tip.psychology.org/skinner.html • Thorndike, E. (1932). The fundamentals of learning. New York: Teachers College Press. • Thorndike, E. (1911) Animal Intelligence. New York: The Macmillan company • USD. (n.d.). History of biomechanics and kinesiology. Retrieved from http://people.usd.edu/~jarichar/HIST.html REFERENCES

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