Early Beginnings: The Developing Person Across the Lifespan

Step Up To: Psychologyby John J. Schulte, Psy.D. From Myers, Psychology 8e Worth Publishers

Chapter 4: The Developing Person Rock-n-Roll Babes in Toyland So Mature Early Beginnings Across the Lifespan

Early Beginnings 500 400 300 200 100

Babes in Toyland 500 400 300 200 100

Rock-n-Roll 500 400 300 200 100

So Mature 500 400 300 200 100

Across the Lifespan 500 400 300 200 100

1. A teratogen is a(n): • A) fertilized egg that undergoes rapid cell division. • B) unborn child with one or more physical defects or abnormalities. • C) chromosomal abnormality. • D) substance that can cross the placental barrier and harm an unborn child.

2. The developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth is known as a(n): • A) embryo. • B) fetus. • C) zygote. • D) neonate.

3. Newborn infants typically prefer their mother’s voice over their father’s voice because: • A) their rooting reflex is naturally triggered by higher-pitched sounds. • B) they rapidly habituate to lower-pitched male voices. • C) they become familiar with their mother’s voice before they are born. • D) they form an emotional attachment to their mother during breast-feeding.

4. Research on the perceptual abilities of newborns indicates that they: • A) see nothing for the first 12 hours. • B) see only differences in brightness. • C) recognize the outlines of objects but none of the details. • D) look more at a human face than at a bull’s-eye pattern.

Mr. and Mrs. Johnson can’t wait to begin toilet training their year-old daughter. They need to be informed of the importance of: • A) imprinting. • B) habituation. • C) maturation. • D) object permanence.

6. According to Piaget, egocentrism refers to: • A) a sensorimotor need for self-stimulation. • B) young children’s exaggerated interest in their own pleasure. • C) the inability to perceive things from another person’s point of view. • D) the inability to realize that things continue to exist even when they are not visible.

7. Lisa attempts to retrieve her bottle after her father hides it under a blanket. This suggests that Lisa has developed a sense of: • A) egocentrism. • B) object permanence. • C) conservation. • D) accommodation.

8. Erik Erikson suggested that children with a secure attachment to their parents are especially likely to experience: • A) basic trust. • B) egocentrism. • C) stranger anxiety. • D) object permanence.

9. Self-esteem in children is most positively correlated with ______ parenting. • A) permissive • B) authoritative • C) conservative • D) authoritarian

10. Five-year-old Tammy mistakenly believes that her short, wide glass contains less soda than her brother’s tall, narrow glass even though they actually contain equal amounts. Tammy lacks the concept of: • A) egocentrism. • B) object permanence. • C) accommodation. • D) conservation.

11. The term puberty refers to the period of: • A) formal operations and the development of conventional morality. • B) late adolescence when self-identity is formed. • C) surging physical growth and the onset of reproductive capability. • D) sexual attraction to the opposite-sex parent.

12. The deepened male voice and facial hair on the male are called: • A) masculine prototypes. • B) secondary sex characteristics. • C) primary sex characteristics. • D) teratogens.

13. Who is likely to be the most popular student in the fifth-grade class? • A) Helmut, who is the tallest boy in the class. • B) Jeff, who is the statistician for the basketball team. • C) Hara, who is below average in height and physical maturity. • D) Sally, who is the most sexually mature girl in the class.

14. According to Kohlberg, morality based on a desire to uphold the laws of society is characteristic of the ____ stage. • A) preconventional • B) preoperational • C) conventional • D) postconventional

15. A postconventional level of morality is most likely to be found in cultures that value: • A) individualism. • B) utilitarianism. • C) communism. • D) social harmony.

16. An irreversible brain disorder marked by a deterioration of reasoning and memory is called: • A) Parkinson’s disease. • B) arteriosclerosis. • C) psychogenic amnesia. • D) Alzheimer’s disease.

17. The term social clock refers to: • A) the culturally preferred timing for when one should leave home, marry, have children, and retire. • B) the pace of life in a culture as assessed by its level of industrialization. • C) the average age of people in different social groups and organizations. • D) the different ways in which societies evaluate the physical and cognitive changes accompanying the aging process.

18. Erik Erikson maintained that the two basic aspects of life that dominate adulthood are: • A) identity and independence. • B) intimacy and identity. • C) intimacy and generativity. • D) independence and generativity.

19. Research suggests that during early and middle adulthood, crystallized intelligence ___ and fluid intelligence ___. • A) decreases; increases • B) increases; decreases • C) increases; increases • D) decreases; decreases

20. On which of the following tasks are 55-year-old adults most likely to perform just as effectively as they could 30 years earlier? • A) writing a story. • B) solving an abstract geometry problem. • C) recalling previously presented nonsense syllables. • D) repeating numbers in the opposite order they were presented.

21. In a study of 3000 midlife adults, most postmenopausal women recalled feelings of ____ with the onset of menopause. • A) regret • B) panic • C) relief • D) pain

22. The best basis for predicting whether a high school student will smoke marijuana would be the: • A) attitude of the student’s parents toward marijuana. • B) student’s attitudes toward his or her parents. • C) extent to which the student has attained a postconventional level of morality. • D) number of the student’s friends who smoke marijuana.

23. Researchers have sneakily dabbed rouge on young children’s noses in order to study the developmental beginnings of: • A) egocentrism. • B) object permanence. • C) habituation. • D) self-awareness.

24. During the grieving period following the death of one’s spouse: • A) the expression of intense grief contributes to a more rapid recovery from sadness. • B) those who talk frequently with others are unusually likely to prolong their own feelings of depression. • C) grieving men are at greater risk for ill health than are grieving women. • D) both men and women go through predictable stages of denial followed by anger.

25. Tommy disapproves of stealing candy from his sister because he thinks his mother will spank him if he does. Henry best represents a(n) _____ morality. • A) preconventional • B) preoperational • C) conventional • D) postconventional

Congratulations!

Answers Stop here, or continue as a review

1. A teratogen is a(n): • A) fertilized egg that undergoes rapid cell division. • B) unborn child with one or more physical defects or abnormalities. • C) chromosomal abnormality. • D) substance that can cross the placental barrier and harm an unborn child. 141

2. The developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth is known as a(n): • A) embryo. • B) fetus. • C) zygote. • D) neonate. 141

3. Newborn infants typically prefer their mother’s voice over their father’s voice because: • A) their rooting reflex is naturally triggered by higher-pitched sounds. • B) they rapidly habituate to lower-pitched male voices. • C) they become familiar with their mother’s voice before they are born. • D) they form an emotional attachment to their mother during breast-feeding. 143

4. Research on the perceptual abilities of newborns indicates that they: • A) see nothing for the first 12 hours. • B) see only differences in brightness. • C) recognize the outlines of objects but none of the details. • D) look more at a human face than at a bull’s-eye pattern. 146

Mr. and Mrs. Johnson can’t wait to begin toilet training their year-old daughter. They need to be informed of the importance of: • A) imprinting. • B) habituation. • C) maturation. • D) object permanence. 145

6. According to Piaget, egocentrism refers to: • A) a sensorimotor need for self-stimulation. • B) young children’s exaggerated interest in their own pleasure. • C) the inability to perceive things from another person’s point of view. • D) the inability to realize that things continue to exist even when they are not visible. 150

7. Lisa attempts to retrieve her bottle after her father hides it under a blanket. This suggests that Lisa has developed a sense of: • A) egocentrism. • B) object permanence. • C) conservation. • D) accommodation. 149

8. Erik Erikson suggested that children with a secure attachment to their parents are especially likely to experience: • A) basic trust. • B) egocentrism. • C) stranger anxiety. • D) object permanence. 155

9. Self-esteem in children is most positively correlated with ______ parenting. • A) permissive • B) authoritative • C) conservative • D) authoritarian 162

10. Five-year-old Tammy mistakenly believes that her short, wide glass contains less soda than her brother’s tall, narrow glass even though they actually contain equal amounts. Tammy lacks the concept of: • A) egocentrism. • B) object permanence. • C) accommodation. • D) conservation. 150

11. The term puberty refers to the period of: • A) formal operations and the development of conventional morality. • B) late adolescence when self-identity is formed. • C) surging physical growth and the onset of reproductive capability. • D) sexual attraction to the opposite- sex parent. 165

12. The deepened male voice and facial hair on the male are called: • A) masculine prototypes. • B) secondary sex characteristics. • C) primary sex characteristics. • D) teratogens. 165

13. Who is likely to be the most popular student in the fifth-grade class? • A) Helmut, who is the tallest boy in the class. • B) Jeff, who is the statistician for the basketball team. • C) Hara, who is below average in height and physical maturity. • D) Sally, who is the most sexually mature girl in the class. 166

14. According to Kohlberg, morality based on a desire to uphold the laws of society is characteristic of the ____ stage. • A) preconventional • B) preoperational • C) conventional • D) postconventional 168

15. A postconventional level of morality is most likely to be found in cultures that value: • A) individualism. • B) utilitarianism. • C) communism. • D) social harmony. 168

16. An irreversible brain disorder marked by a deterioration of reasoning and memory is called: • A) Parkinson’s disease. • B) arteriosclerosis. • C) psychogenic amnesia. • D) Alzheimer’s disease. 180

Early Beginnings: The Developing Person Across the Lifespan