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Biochemistry and the Genomic Revolution

Biochemistry and the Genomic Revolution. DNA . Why is DNA in the forefront of modern biochemistry? What major event involving DNA has recently occurred?. DNA. What do we know about the structure of DNA?. DNA. What are the bases found in DNA?. DNA.

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Biochemistry and the Genomic Revolution

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  1. Biochemistry and the Genomic Revolution

  2. DNA • Why is DNA in the forefront of modern biochemistry? • What major event involving DNA has recently occurred?

  3. DNA • What do we know about the structure of DNA?

  4. DNA • What are the bases found in DNA?

  5. DNA • Where do we find the genetic information in the DNA molecule? • What does a cell do with this information?

  6. DNA • Why do we refer to DNA as the double helix?

  7. DNA • What hold the two chains of the helix together?

  8. DNA • How does the structure of DNA relate to its function?

  9. RNA • How is RNA similar to DNA? • How is RNA different from DNA?

  10. RNA

  11. RNA • What roles does RNA play in the cell? • Carrier of genetic information • m-RNA • Part of the structure of ribosomes • r-RNA • Carriers of amino acids • t-RNA

  12. Proteins • How is the structure of proteins related to the structure of DNA? • Why is the genetic code universal? • What determines the three-dimensional shape of a protein?

  13. Protein Structure

  14. Unity & Diversity of Living Organisms • What evidence suggests that all organisms are derived from a common ancestor?

  15. Unity & Diversity of Living Organisms

  16. Chemical Bonds • Covalent versus non-covalent bonds

  17. Non-Covalent Bonds • What types of non-covalent bonds are there? • Electrostatic • Hydrogen bonds • Van der Waals

  18. Electrostatic Interactions • E = kq1q2/Dr D=dielectric constant

  19. Hydrogen Bonds

  20. van der Waals interactions • Based upon changing electronic charge distribution around atoms • Asymmetry of charge of one atom induces complementary asymmetry in neighboring atoms

  21. Water • Why is water so important in cellular biochemistry? • Major component of most cells • Polar structure make it an important solvent • Water is a cohesive molecule

  22. Water • Why does the presence of water weaken electrostatic interactions between ions? • How can the ability of water to act as a solvent cause a problem in the cell?

  23. Thermodynamics • What is thermodynamics? • Study of energy • What does the first law of thermodynamics say? • Energy cannot be created nor destroyed but may be transformed

  24. Thermodynamics • What is meant by entropy? • What does the second law of thermodynamics say? • Entropy of the universe is always increasing

  25. Thermodynamics

  26. Thermodynamics

  27. Thermodynamics • How do we know whether a particular reaction will occur spontaneously? • Examine G – free energy change • G = Hsystem - TSsystem

  28. Thermodynamics • What is the hydrophobic effect and how does it relate to the folding of proteins?

  29. Thermodynamics

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