Chapter 14 Interactions in Ecosystems

Chapter 14 Interactions in Ecosystems

Question 1 - 10 • All of the biotic and abiotic factors in the area where an organism lives

Answer 1 – 10 • Habitat

Question 1 - 20 • All of the physical, chemical, and biological factors that a species needs to survive, stay healthy, and reproduce. (role of the organism)

Answer 1 – 20 • Niche

Question 1 - 30 • The principle that states when two species are competing for the same resources, one species will be better suited to the niche, and the other species will be pushed into another niche or become extinct

Answer 1 – 30 • Competetive exclusion

Question 1 - 40 • Species that occupy similar niches but live in different geographical regions

Answer 1 – 40 • Ecological equivalents

Question 1 - 50 • Two species that are able to divide the resources in a niche without competing are involved in __________________.

Answer 1 – 50 • Niche partitioning

Question 2 - 10 • The process by which one organism captures and feeds upon another organism

Answer 2 – 10 • Predation

Question 2 - 20 • A close ecological relationship between two or more organisms of different species that live in direct contact with one another

Answer 2 – 20 • Symbiosis

Question 2 - 30 • The type of symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit from one another

Answer 2 – 30 • Mutualism

Question 2 - 40 • The type of symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected

Answer 2 – 40 • Commensalism

Question 2 - 50 • What is the name for a parasite that lives in the tissues and organs of the host and feeds on the nutrients ingested by their host?

Answer 2 – 50 • Endoparasite

Question 3 - 10 • The measurement of the number of individuals living in a defined space

Answer 3 – 10 • Population Density

Question 3 - 20 • The way in which individuals of a population are spread in an area or a volume

Answer 3 – 20 • Population dispersion

Question 3 - 30 • The pattern of dispersion in which individuals may live close together in groups in order to facilitate mating, gain protection, or access to food resources

Answer 3 – 30 • Clumped dispersion

Question 3 - 40 • A generalized diagram showing the number of surviving members over time from a measured set of births

Answer 3 – 40 • Survivorship curve

Question 3 - 50 • Give an example of each of the three types of survivorship curves • Type I: ____________ • Type II: ___________ • Type III: ___________

Answer 3 – 50 • Type I: humans, large mammals, etc. • Type II: birds, reptiles, etc. • Type III: fish, amphibians, plants, etc.

Question 4 - 10 • The growth pattern that occurs when a population size increases dramatically over a period of time

Answer 4 – 10 • Exponential growth

Question 4 - 20 • Name the 4 factors that need to be considered when determining the rate of population growth

Answer 4 – 20 • Immigration • Emmigration • Natality • Mortality

Question 4 - 30 • The growth pattern in which a population begins with a period of slow growth followed by a brief period of exponential growth followed by leveling off at the carrying capacity

Answer 4 – 30 • Logistic growth

Question 4 - 40 • A dramatic decline in the size of a population over a short period of time

Answer 4 – 40 • Population crash

Question 4 - 50 • Limiting factors that are affected by the number of individuals in a given area

Answer 4 – 50 • Density-dependent limiting factors

Question 5 - 10 • The sequence of biotic changes that regenerate a damaged community or create a community in a previously uninhabited area

Answer 5 – 10 • Succession

Question 5 - 20 • The establishment and development of an ecosystem in an area that was previously uninhabited

Answer 5 – 20 • Primary succession

Question 5 - 30 • The first organisms that live in a previously uninhabited area such as lichens and mosses

Answer 5 – 30 • Pioneer species

Question 5 - 40 • The reestablishment of a damaged ecosystem in an area where the soil was left intact

Answer 5 – 40 • Secondary succession

Chapter 14 Interactions in Ecosystems