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Pulling families apart . Quote on page 89 Why are fathers missing?. Pulling families apart . As incarceration increases, rate of father absence increases than among middle-class families But what does all this data mean? Caution – . Pulling families apart .
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Pulling families apart • Quote on page 89 • Why are fathers missing?
Pulling families apart • As incarceration increases, rate of father absence increases than among middle-class families • But what does all this data mean? • Caution –
Pulling families apart • Relationships are based on exchange • Exchange requires • And this trust must be accrued over the • Poor families in neighborhoods where incarceration rates are highest have fewer in life. • …but there is nothing different about these families, compared to middle-class families
Exchange • Norms of reciprocity, again • Accountability • A collapse in • -family breakdown • The added burden of a non-reciprocal relationship
Kenny • Kenny’s contributions • Kenny and the Code of the Streets • How long did it take for Kenny’s family to feel the effects of his incarceration?
Lilly & Arthur • The extensiveness of this network • Maintaining a family from multiple-states away… • “…deserving of the kind of open-ended relationship in which participants can call upon one another according to their needs” (117) • The of incarceration • Difficulties faced post-incarceration
The meaning of incarceration • How to help your loved one in prison? • The indignities (and stresses) of visitation • Variation in application leads to frustration
Two subjective views of incarceration • How the incarcerated deals with his shame and guilt • What a child feels:
Two subjective views of incarceration • What a child feels: • Stigma • in treatment of loved one • in the hardships faced • The important need for
Direct and indirect costs • The issue of phone calls • Care packages • Travel to and from prison • Direct money contributions and gifts • The “less tangible” costs
Material and Social Consequences • 2/3rds of offenders employed • Loss of “non-monetary” assistance • (the lack of) Wealth Transmission
Material and Social Consequences • The role of racial disparity in the (criminal justice) system • $300,000,000,000 • ¾ Whites own homes compared to ½ Blacks • Blacks have 1/3 the assets of whites
Social Costs of Incarceration • The loss of and capital • Increased marginal costs • The impact of a non-reciprocal exchange relationships • Increased transaction costs • Social information exchange and the establishment of • Sharing the burden through intimate relationships
I believe that children are our future… • Incarceration and Childhood • Growing up too soon • Sibs and household work • Sexual abuse • Depression • Truancy/running away • Importance of fathers • Scarred children (footnote page 103)
Emotional Costs of Incarceration • Pains of losing the loved one • Fear for loved one in prison • Increase in tensions within the family • Loss of human connections • The incarcerated faces additional worry about their loved ones on the outside