Medical terminology Lec. 1 Dr. Dalia Abd alkader Ph.D Pharmacology

1. Medical terminology Lec. 1 Dr. Dalia Abd alkader Ph.D Pharmacology

2. Analyzing Medical Terms Basic word roots and common prefixesand suffixes Most medical terms are compound words made up of root words which are combined with prefixes (at the start of a word) and suffixes (at the end of a word). Thus medical terms that may at first seem very complex can be broken down into their component parts to give a basic idea of their meaning.

3. All medical terms have a root word. They may also have a prefix, a suffix, or both a prefix and a suffix. Prefix: A prefix is placed at the beginning of a word to modify or change its meaning. Pre means "before." Prefixes may also indicate a location, number, or time. Root: central part of a word.      Suffix:  The ending part of a word that modifies the meaning of the word. Example: homeless. Root = 'home' and the suffix is 'less'. It can also refer to a condition, disease, disorder, or procedure.

4. TABLE 1-1 COMMON ROOTS OF MEDICAL TERMS

5. TABLE 1-2 COMMON SUFFIXES IN MEDICAL TERMS

6. Examples of terms ending with the word element -logy, which means “study of.” 1.psychology: the study of mental processes and behavior      2. pathology: the study of disease processes     3. hematology: the study of blood and blood disorders      4. cardiology: the study of the heart and its diseases      5. dermatology: the study of the skin and its diseases      6. gerontology: the study of the aging process and its accompanying diseases

7. Exercise 1-1 Combining Roots and Suffixes Combine the suffixes -logy, -itis, -algia, -dynia, -path/y, and -derm with the roots. Try to find at least one appropriate root for each suffix and write the resulting words in the “Word” column. Then write a brief definition in the “Meaning” column for each of your choices. You may use as many combinations as you think are appropriate. Root Suffix Word Meaning 1.psych/o _____ ___________ __________________________ 2. path/o _____ ___________ __________________________ 3. card/i/o _____ ___________ __________________________ 4. hem/o, hemat/o _____ ___________ __________________________ 5. derm/o, dermat/o _____ ___________ __________________________ 6. ger/o/nt/o _____ ___________ __________________________ 7. neur/o _____ ___________ __________________________ 8. oste/o _____ ___________ __________________________

8. 1.psychopath a mentally ill person   psychology the study of the mind and mental processes 2. pathology the study of diseases and disorder 3. carditis an inflamed heart muscle   cardiology the study of the heart, its functions, and diseases 4. hematology the study of blood 5. dermatitis inflamed skin   dermatology the study of the skin and its diseases 6. gerontology the study of the aging process 7. neuralgia pain in a nerve   neurology the study of the nervous system, its functions and diseases 8. osteology the study of bone   osteitis inflammation of bone   ostealgia pain in a bone   osteodynia pain in a bone

9. Categories of Suffixes Dividing suffixes into functional categories makes them easier to learn. Here are the four divisions: *suffixes that signify medical conditions *suffixes that signify diagnostic terms, test information, or surgical procedures *suffixes associated with a medical specialty or specialist *suffixes that convert a noun to an adjective

10. TABLE 2-1 SUFFIXES THAT SIGNIFY MEDICAL CONDITIONS

12. TABLE 2-2 SUFFIXES THAT SIGNIFY DIAGNOSTIC TERMS, TEST INFORMATION, OR SURGICAL PROCEDURES

14. Suffixes Associated with a Medical Specialty or Specialist For example, consider the terms psychologist and psychiatrist. A psychologist is a person who has a Ph.D. in psychology, and a psychiatrist is a person who has an M.D. with a specialty in psychiatry. The two terms are, therefore, not interchangeable even though both begin with psych and end with ist.

15. The following suffixes occur in terms naming the study or practice of a medical specialty: -ist -ian -iatrist -logist The following suffixes are associated with the study or practice of a medical specialty: -logy -ics -iatry -iatrics

16. The following suffixes convert root nouns to adjectives: -ac -al -aneous -ar -ary -derm -eal -eous -iatric -ic -oid -otic -ous -tic -ular

17. TABLE 2-3 ADDITIONAL SUFFIXES

19. Exercise Build terms by combining the correct form of each of the roots below with the suffixes appearing next to it. Write a definition for each term in the space to the right.   Root Suffix Word Meaning 1.card/i/o -cele _________ _______________________     -dynia _________ _______________________     -ectasia _________ ______________________   -itis _________ _______________________     -malacia _________ _______________________     -megaly _________ _______________________     -ptosis _________ _______________________     -plegia _________ _______________________

20. -rrhexis _________ _______________________     -spasm _________ _______________________ 2. derm/o, -itis _________ _______________________   dermat/o -oma _________ _______________________     -megaly _________ ______________________     -osis _________ _______________________ 3. ger/o -derma _________ _______________________

21. 1.cardiocele a protrusion of the heart through the diaphragm or through a wound   cardiodynia pain in the heart   cardiectasia dilation of the heart   carditis inflammation of the heart   cardiomalacia softening of the heart   cardioptosis cardioplegia cardiorrhexis cardiospasm downward displacement of the heart

22. Categories of Prefixes Dividing prefixes into functional categories, just as we did with suffixes, makes them easier to learn. There are four logical divisions: prefixes of time or speed prefixes of direction prefixes of position prefixes of size or number

23. TABLE 3-1 PREFIXES OF TIME OR SPEED

24. Table 3-2 lists prefixes that indicate direction.

25. Table 3-3 lists prefixes that indicate position.

27. TABLE 3-4 PREFIXES OF SIZE OR NUMBER