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Chapter 4: Motivation. Individual motivation involves three aspects: Direction of decisions Persistence Intensity. Type of Motivation. Extrinsic v. Intrinsic What is the debate regarding Behaviorism? What did the Western Electric Studies show regarding this debate?
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Chapter 4: Motivation • Individual motivation involves three aspects: • Direction of decisions • Persistence • Intensity
Type of Motivation • Extrinsic v. Intrinsic • What is the debate regarding Behaviorism? • What did the Western Electric Studies show regarding this debate? • Atkinson believed that people either have an intrinsic desire to achieve (n Ach) or a desire to avoid failure. How do you feel about this? Are failure avoiders ever successful? • What do you think about the Gender issue “Fear of Success?”
Differences • Individual difference and diversity are to be understood by administrators: both for motivational and assessment purposes. • Howard Gardner’s concept of Multiple Intelligences is important in understanding diversity.
“People are always motivated; in fact, they are never unmotivated.” --Arthur Combs • Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs supports thisconcept. He indicates that we are all motivated based the most basic need that needs to be satisfied at a particular time.
From: Herzberg, F., Mausner, B., & Snyderman, B. (1959). The Motivation to Work. NY: John Wiley.
Implementing Herzberg’s Theory:Job Enrichment (Vertical Loading)