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OVERVIEW OF NFPA 70E (2004 Edition)

OVERVIEW OF NFPA 70E (2004 Edition). Standards for Electrical Safety-Related Work Practice Requirements for Employee Workplaces. Presented By: Steven Strayer, CIH, CSP, REHS, RS Cocciardi and Associates, Inc. (717) 766-4500 (717) 766-3999 (fax) sstrayer@cocciardi.com. Electrical Hazards.

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OVERVIEW OF NFPA 70E (2004 Edition)

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  1. OVERVIEW OF NFPA 70E (2004 Edition) Standards for Electrical Safety-Related Work Practice Requirements for Employee Workplaces Presented By: Steven Strayer, CIH, CSP, REHS, RS Cocciardi and Associates, Inc. (717) 766-4500 (717) 766-3999 (fax) sstrayer@cocciardi.com

  2. Electrical Hazards • Shock – 1,000 fatalities per year, >50% from <600 volts • Arc-flash • 35,000o F • 2,000 severe burn cases per year • Kill out to 10 feet • Arc-blast • Cu expands 67,000 x’s from solid to gas • Pressures = thousands of pounds per square feet • Noise >160 dB • Molten shrapnel >700 mph

  3. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) • Worker protection police • General industry (1910) and construction (1926) • Subpart “S” – electrical • Methods to eliminate/minimize electrical hazards • Safe work practices (1910.331-335) • Training requirement (1910.332) * Problem: Limited specificity (ex. Flash protection)

  4. NFPA 70E – Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace Background / History Assist OSHA in developing workplace safety (NFPA 70 – NEC: Limited Application) Four Parts to 70E Installation Safety Requirements Now Chapter 4 (Articles 400 – 450) Safety Related Work Practices Now Chapter 1 (Articles 100 – 130) Safety Related Maintenance Requirements Now Chapter 2 (Articles 200 – 250) Safety Requirements for Special Equipment Now Chapter 3 (Articles 300 – 340)

  5. History – • 1979: 1st Edition (Part I Only) • 1981: 2nd Edition (Added Part II) • 1983: 3rd Edition (Added Part III) • 1988: 4th Edition (Minor Revisions) • 1995: 5th Edition (Revised Part I and II) • 2000: 6th Edition (Revised Part II and Added IV) • 2004: 7th Edition (Revised Title Format, and • primarily Part II) • NEC format • Chapters/articles • Part II now Chapter 1

  6. Scope – • Public and private premises including building, structures, mobile homes, RV’s, and floating buildings • Yards, lots, parking lots, carnivals, and industrial sub-stations • Installations used by electric utilities, such as offices, buildings, warehouses, garages, machine shops, recreational that are not an integral part of a generating plant, sub-station, or control station • Conductors that connect installations to a supply of electricity

  7. Not Covered – Installations in ships, watercraft, railway rolling stock, aircraft, or automotive vehicles other than mobile homes and RV’s Installations underground in mines Installation of railways Installation of communication equipment (must be exclusive control of communication utilities) Installation under exclusive control of electric utilities (service laterals/meters, rights-of-ways/easements, and property [owned or leased] for purpose of generation, transmission, transformation, etc.)

  8. CHAPTER 1: Safety-Related Work Practices “On Hold For Further Examination”

  9. Chapter 2: Safety Related Maintenance Requirements • Preserving or restoring the condition of electrical equipment and installations for employee safety. • Article 200 – Introduction • Article 205 – General Maintenance Requirements • Article 210 – Substations, Switchgear Assemblies, Switchboards, Panel Boards, Motor Control Centers, and Disconnect Switches • Article 215 – Premises Wiring • Article 220 – Controller Equipment • Article 225 – Fuses and Circuit Breakers • Article 230 – Rotating Equipment • Article 235 – Hazardous (Classified) Locations • Article 240 – Batteries and Battery Rooms • Article 245 – Portable Electric Tools and Equipment • Article 250 – Personal Safety and Protective Equipment (Inspections and Testing)

  10. Chapter 3: Safety Requirements For Special Equipment • Special Equipment Includes: • Article 300 – Introduction • Article 310 – Electrolytic Cells • Article 320 – Batteries/Battery Rooms • Article 330 - Lasers

  11. CHAPTER 4: INSTALLATION SAFETY REQUIREMENTSBased on NFPA 70 - NEC Article 400 – General Requirements for Electrical Installations Article 410 – Wiring Design and Protection Article 420 – Wiring Methods, Components, and Equipment for General Use Article 430 – Specific Purpose Equipment and Installations Article 440 – Hazardous (Classified) Locations: Class I, II, and III, Divisions I and II, and Class I, Zones 0, I and II Article 450 – Special Systems

  12. Chapter 1: SRWP Article 100 – Definitions • Qualified Person • Unqualified Person • Limited Approach Boundary • Restricted Approach Boundary • Prohibited Approach Boundary • Flash Protection Boundary • Energized Electrical Work/Electrically Safe Work Condition Article 110 – General • Practices/Procedures for employees working on or near energized conductors/circuit parts and unqualified individuals with other equipment Change – Multi-employer worksites – “Hazcom”

  13. Training – • Risk of electrical hazard not reduced to a safe level by Chapter 4 • Classroom/OTJ – Degree determined by risk • Include emergency procedures: First Aid/CPR, Methods of Release

  14. Qualified Persons • Precautionary Techniques • PPE • Insulating/Shielding Materials/Tools • Test Equipment • Distinguishing Live Parts • Determine Nominal/Voltage • Approach Distances • Hazard Evaluation (Including Non-electrical) • OJT personnel if under direct QP supervision

  15. Unqualified Persons • Awareness • Precautions • Hazards • Electrical Safety Program • Provide awareness and self-discipline • ID electrical safety principals • Inspect/evaluate • Insulation and enclosure integrity • Plan and document procedures • Deenergize • Anticipating the unexpected • ID and minimize hazards • Employee protection • ID appropriate tools • Personnel abilities • Auditing

  16. ID Electrical Safety Controls • Assumed “energized” • No bare-hand contact • Deenergizing procedures • Training • Equipment use for ID of hazards • Equipment training • Categorize tasks

  17. ID procedures when working on >50 volts • Purpose • Qualifications • Hazard/extent of task • Limits of approach • Safe work practices • PPE • Insulating tools/materials • Special precautions • Diagrams/details/pictures • References

  18. Hazard/risk evaluation procedures • Job briefing(s) – each shift or more • G. Work Permit Procedures

  19. CHAPTER II – General Requirements For Electrical Work Practices • On/near exposed electric conductors • “Electrically safe” work conditions • Exceptions -  50 volts • Additional increased hazard • Operations or equipment design

  20. Article 120 – Establishing On Electrically Safe Work Condition * Must follow LO/TO procedures and confirm (Test)* • Reference 29CFR1910.147 Article 130 – Working On or Near Live Parts Change – • Energized Electrical Work Permit • Circuit/equipment description • Justification • Safe work practices • Shock hazard analysis and boundaries • PPE • Documentation of job briefing • Authorization *Exception – - Voltage measurements - Testing - Troubleshooting B. Shock Hazard Analysis/Boundaries

  21. Approach Boundaries • Limited • Restricted • Prohibited

  22. Flash Hazard Analysis and Boundaries • 4ft ( 600 volts and not greater than 300 kA cycles) • Calculation of boundary (incident energy) for >600 volts • Boundary at 5 j/cm2 (1.2 cal/cm2) • PPE – Conform to ANSI/ASTM criteria

  23. “Hazard/Risk Category Classification” Table • Categories 1 – 4 (can be -1) • PPE ranges from t-shirt/pants to flash suits and shields • Also addresses need for voltage rated gloves and tools • Clothing material • Category “0” – natural fibers (weight >4.5 oz/yd2) (assume <2 cal/cm2) • Category “1” – flame resistant (4 cal/cm2) • Category “2” – “1” plus cotton underwear (8 cal/cm2) • Category “3” – “2” plus FR coveralls (25 cal/cm2) • Category “4” – “2” plus multi-layer flash suit (40 cal/cm2) • Synthetics which melt below 600o F

  24. LIMITED APPROACH BOUNDARY • No unqualified persons, unless advised of hazards, escorted by QP • Conditions for qualified persons • Flash protection RESTRICTED APPROACH BOUNDARY • Qualified person: Do not cross or take a conductive object past, unless: • Person is insulated • Live part is insulated • Person is insulated from other conductive objects PROHIBITED APPROACH BOUNDARY • Qualified person • Only if body part is insulated

  25. PERSONAL PROTECTION EQUIPMENT (PPE) • Conform to ANSI/ASTM Standards • Based on hazard/risk evaluations

  26. OTHER COMPONENTS: • Alertness • Blind reaching • Illumination: ANSI IES-RP-7-1991 Generally 50-100 foot candles depending on: • Age • Speed • Accuracy • Background Reflection • Conductive Articles

  27. OTHER PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT • Insulated tools (within Limited Approach Boundary) • Ropes/handlines • Grounding equipment/GFCI’s • Ladders • Rubber insulating equipment • Physical/mechanical barriers: no closer than “Restricted Approach Boundary” Alerting • Signs/tags • Barricades • Attendants

  28. USE OF SPECIFIC SAFETY RELATED EQUIPMENT AND WORK PRACTICES • Test instruments • Energizing/de-energizing • Portable electrical equipment • Conductive work locations (GFCI’s) • Connecting plugs LOCKOUT/TAGOUT PRACTICES AND DEVICES

  29. Questions / Answers

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