Unit Topics: Major world social, economic, and political developments since 1945

1. World History Unit 6 Unit Topics: Major world social, economic, and political developments since 1945 Migrations, Ongoing Conflicts, War, and Advancing Technology SOLs: WHII 1a,b,c,d,e; 13 b,c; 15 a,b,c and REVIEW!!!!

2. Latin America: emergence of the modern era • Review geography and culture • Native American: Aztec, Maya, Inca • Spanish colonization and culture • Enlightenment inspired revolutions • Toussaint L’Ouverture (former slave who liberated Haiti) • Simon Bolivar (native born (creole) who liberated Northern areas of Latin America)

3. Latin America: Impact of the 1823 Monroe Doctrine of from the USA • USA acknowledged the independence of Latin American countries • USA said interference by European powers in Latin America would be a threat to AMERICAN security • Teddy Roosevelt made USA the police of the Western Hemisphere when he added the “Roosevelt Corollary” to the Monroe Doctrine

4. Roosevelt Corollary, 1904 after the “Venzuela Crisis of 1902-03 Dec. 2, 1823

5. Latin America: industrial revolution and age of imperialism • Latin America mostly used for RESOURCES and LABOR • Seen as an AMERICAN sphere of influence • Panama Revolution from Colombia • Panama Canal • US economic and military presence • COLD WAR changes everything : Cuba, Nicaragua, El Salvador, etc.

6. Latin America: moves toward a more democratic future • US fear over communist regimes in Latin America led to increased American involvement in the region • Major reform efforts with mixed results • (SEE CHART on PAGE 690!) • Argentina, Brazil, Chile, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Panama and Peru • Fox, Juan Peron, Allende and Pinochet

7. Exact Map of South America you will see on the quiz/test! • Name the Vocab terms (past & present)we need to associate with South America: • ______________________ • ______________________ • ______________________ • ______________________ • ______________________ • _______________________ • _______________________

8. Exact Map of Central America you will see on the quiz/test! • Name the Vocab terms (past & present)we need to associate with Central America) • _____________________ • _____________________ • _____________________ • _____________________ • ____________________ • ____________________ • ____________________ We LOVE Maps like we LOVE Mondays!!!!

11. WH II 14:REVIEW INDIA!!! The student will demonstrate knowledge of political, economic, social, and cultural aspects of independence movements and development efforts by • describing the struggles for self-rule, including Gandhi’s leadership in India and the development of India’s democracy • describing Africa’s achievement of independence, including Jomo Kenyatta’s leadership of Kenya and Nelson Mandela’s • describing the end of the mandate system and the creation of states in the Middle East, including the roles of Golda Meir and Gamal Abdul Nasser.

12. India: Independence • What do you know about each of the following: • Hinduism: • Islam: • Gandhi: • Nehru: • Jinnah: • Indira Gandhi:

13. Independence for India • British policies and the demand for self rule led to the rise of Indian Independence movements, which resulted in the creation of new states in the Indian sub continent. • What were the British policies? • Who made demands for independence? • What methods did they use?

14. GEOGRAPHY of “India” on a map • Find on the Indian sub-continent: • Area called “British India” • The Republic of India, a democratic nation that developed after independence • Pakistan (formerly WEST Pakistan) • Bangladesh (formerly EAST Pakistan) • Sri Lanka (formerly CEYLON)

15. Independence in Africa: • describe Africa’s achievement of independence, including Jomo Kenyatta’s leadership of Kenya and Nelson Mandela’s • Jomo Kenyatta • Nelson Mandela • Other independence leaders: (see chart)

16. African Independence • POST WWII success due to: • “Right to self-determination” is part of the UN Charter • Increasing pride in African cultures and heritage • Resentment toward imperial rule and economic exploitation • Loss of colonies by Great Britain, France, Belgium and Portugal • Influence of the post-WWII superpower rivalry during the COLD WAR

17. Independence in Africa West vs. East • WEST Africa = PEACFUL • EAST Africa = VIOLENT

19. African Independence • Revolutions were both peaceful AND violent • WEST Africa = mostly peaceful • Algeria : War for Independence from France • EAST Africa = many VIOLENT revolutions • Kenya= VIOLENT (Jomo Kenyatta, Mau-Mau, etc.) • South Africa = VIOLENT also • APARTHEID (racial segregation was a big problem and led to international outcry to end it) • Nelson Mandela’s leadership was crucial

20. African Independence: JOMO KENYATTA Kenya (British colony)

21. African Independence:Nelson Mandela • South Africa (Dutch, then British colony) • British fought Dutch farmers known as BOERS • British fought ZULU tribe, led by Shaka ZULU

22. African Independence:Kwame Nkrumah • Ghana (Gold Coast): British colony

23. African Independence: Mau-Mau • Kenya (British colony)

24. African Independence:IdiAmin • Uganda—British colony

25. African Independence:MoiseTshombe • Democratic Republic of the Congo

26. African Independence: Mobutu SeseSeko • Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire)—Belgian colony

27. African Independence: Robert Mugabe • Zimbabwe (formerly Rhodesia)

28. African Independence:Ian Smith* • Rhodesia (before it became “Zimbabwe”) --British colony

29. African Independence:Julius Nyerere • Tanzania—British colony

30. African Independence: F.W.de Klerk*

31. See page 704 in the book!

32. Middle East: describe the end of the mandate system and the creation of states in the Middle East, including the roles of Golda Meir and Gamal Abdul Nasser. • Review: Colonialism, Berlin Conference, religion, WW I and WWII, Holocaust, establishment of Israel, and related events

33. Middle East: Peace and Conflict • Nationalism and the mandate system after WWI (REVIEW!) • UN decision to END the mandate system after WWII • Religious conflicts cause TENSION and violence • Economic development and the tension between modernization and westernization • Arab-Israeli Dispute (ongoing) • Egypt and the Suez Canal (Suez Crisis)

34. Middle East: Peace and Conflict • Mandates to know and find on a map: • FRENCH = Syria and Lebanon • BRITISH = Jordan (called Transjordan) and Palestine (part became independent as the State of Israel in 1948) • Can you discuss part of the HISTORY and culture of the mandates before, during and after the mandate era?

35. Middle East: Golda Meir • Prime minister of Israel* • led Israel (after initial setbacks) to victory in the Yom Kippur War* • Strong support of the United States

36. Israel’s position is vulnerable in the Middle East

37. Middle East: Gamal Abdul NASSER • President of Egypt • Nationalized the Suez Canal (took it from British control) • Established a relationship with the Soviet Union during the Cold War • Built the Aswan High Dam

38. Gamal Abdul NASSER • founder of the so-called “Non-Aligned Movement” ( India and Yugoslavia) • developed close relations with the Soviet Union. • USSR its satellites became chief source of military equipment and financial aid, beginning with a massive arms deal with Czechoslovakia in 1955. • May of 1967, Nasser expelled UN peacekeepers from the Sinai peninsula and announced a blockade of the Straits of Tiran to Israel-bound shipping. (Openly declares he wants to destroy Israel)

39. Key “wars” to remember about Israel and its neighbors • 1948: State of Israel is created • Immediately invaded by : Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria • Suez Crisis (Nasser in Egypt) and later the Six Day War 1967 • 1973 Yom Kippur War (vs. Egypt and Syria)

40. Six Day War • the third major Arab-Israeli conflict — was in a sense a continuation of the first two wars. Broadly speaking, the causes of the fighting in 1967 overlapped with the causes of fighting in 1948 (Arab rejection of Israel) and 1956 (continued rejectionism and an Egyptian blockade of shipping to Israel). • Israel, Egypt, Syria and Jordan were the key players

41. Middle East Conflict as part of the COLD WAR: • Geopolitical aspects of Six Day War 1967: • As American relations with Egypt soured, the Soviet Union stepped up its influence in the Arab world, working to build (pro-Soviet) Arab unity by focusing Arab attention on their common enemy, Israel • USA tries to get Israel to “hold off” and never strike first. USA provides intelligence to assist Israel make every strike count when they have to

42. Middle East: Yasir Arafat • Committed soldier against state of Israel • Head of the PLO (independent nationalist organization) • By 1988, he renounce violence and by 1993 signs peace accords • A new intifada begins 2000 • Arafat dies in 2004

43. Middle East: Yitzak Rabin

44. Middle East: Ayatollah Khomeini

45. SEE PAGE 713 in the book!

46. Asia in Transition: China after WW II • Division of China into two nations at the end of WWII (Taiwan and People’s Republic of China) • Communist China participated in Korean Conflict on North Korea’s side • Modern leadership of DENG XIAOPENG

47. China after Mao: DENG XIAOPING • Reformed communist economy to market economy leading to RAPID ECONOMIC GROWTH • Continued Communist control of the government • Tiananmen Square massacre in 1989 • Died 1997

48. Asia in Transition: Southeast Asia and the struggle to establish democratic gov’t

49. Asia in Transition: Japan and the “ASIAN TIGERS” • These areas have created successful industrial economies and are the new “powerhouses” of the global economy • Japan • South Korea • Singapore • Hong Kong

50. Asia in Transition