Dewey Decimal Classification System

1. Dewey Decimal Classification System Lecture 1 Bair-Mundy

2. Melvil Dewey 1851-1931 • Librarian at Amherst College when he developed the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) system • A Classification and Subject Index for Cataloguing and Arranging the Books and Pamphlets of a Library published in 1876 • Original was 44 pages long

3. DDC today • Four volumes • Published every 8 years • Online version updated frequently • Responsive to customer needs

4. Four volumes of DDC 22 Volume 1 Manual Tables Volume 2 000-599 Volume 4 Index Volume 3 600-999 Manual + Tables Relative Index Schedules

5. Two features introduced by Dewey • Relative location - Dewey system numbers books in terms of their relation to one another without regard to the shelves or rooms where they are placed • Relative index - Brings together under one term the locations in the scheme of a subject which falls in several fields of study 000 999

6. Two ways to find a number in the schedules • Summaries • Front of schedules (Volume 2) • Ten main classes • Hundred divisions • Thousand sections • Relative index • Last volume (Volume 4) • Relates subjects to disciplines

7. The Dewey Decimal System • Advantage: Orderly, hierarchical system that organizes the universe of knowledge • Disadvantage: Based on the decimal system. The real world isn’t neatly divided into tens (e.g. periodical table)

8. Francis Bacon W.T. Harris Dewey (Inverted) Philosophy (Reason) Poesy (Imagination) History (Memory) Science Philosophy Religion Soc. & Pol. Sci. Natural Sci. Art Fine arts Poetry Pure fiction Literary misc. History Geography & Travel Science Philosophy Religion Sociology Science Art Fine arts Literature History Geography & Travel

9. Summaries Volume 1 Tables Volume 4 Index Manual Volume 2 000-599 Volume 3 600-999

10. First summaryThe Ten Main Classes 000 Computer science, information & general works 100 Philosophy & psychology 200 Religion 300 Social sciences 400 Language 500 Science 600 Technology 700 Arts & recreation 800 Literature 900 History & geography

11. Ten main classes 000 Computer science, information & general works 100 Philosophy & psychology 200 Religion 300 Social sciences 400 Language 500 Science 600 Technology 700 Arts & recreation 800 Literature 900 History & geography The first digit in the number indicates the main class. Zeros are used to fill out the notation to the minimum required length of digits.

12. Ten main classes 000 Computer science, information & general works 100 Philosophy & psychology 200 Religion 300 Social sciences 400 Language 500 Science 600 Technology 700 Arts & recreation 800 Literature 900 History & geography

13. Ten main classes 000 Computer science, information & general works 100 Philosophy & psychology 200 Religion 300 Social sciences 400 Language 500 Science 600 Technology 700 Arts & recreation 800 Literature 900 History & geography Includes 020 Library and information sciences

14. Second summaryThe Hundred Divisions 000 Computer science, knowledge & systems 010 Bibliographies 020 Library & information sciences 030 Encyclopedias & books of facts 040 [Unassigned] 050 Magazines, journals & serials 060 Associations, organizations & museums 070 News media, journalism & publishing 080 Quotations 090 Manuscripts & rare books [040] [Unassigned] Most recently used in Edition 16

15. Second summaryThe Hundred Divisions • 200 Religion • 210 Philosophy & theory of religion • 220 The Bible • 230 Christianity & Christian theology • 240 Christian practice & observance • 250 Christian pastoral practice & religious orders • 260 Christian organization, social work & worship • History of Christianity • 280 Christian denominations • 290 Other religions

16. Second summaryThe Hundred Divisions 500 Science 510 Mathematics 520 Astronomy 530 Physics 540 Chemistry 550 Earth sciences & geology 560 Fossils & prehistoric life 570 Life sciences; biology 580 Plants (Botany) 590 Animals (Zoology)

17. Second summaryThe Hundred Divisions Dual heading 570 Life sciences; biology Subordinate topic forms main part of the disciplinary area

18. Second summaryThe Hundred Divisions 500 Science 510 Mathematics 520 Astronomy 530 Physics 540 Chemistry 550 Earth sciences & geology 560 Fossils & prehistoric life 570 Life sciences; biology 580 Plants (Botany) 590 Animals (Zoology) 530 Physics 5 = Science 3 = Physics

19. Second summaryThe Hundred Divisions 600 Technology 610 Medicine & health 620 Engineering 630 Agriculture 640 Home & family management 650 Management & public relations 660 Chemical engineering 670 Manufacturing 680 Manufacture for specific uses 690 Building & construction

20. Second summaryThe Hundred Divisions 900 History 910 Geography & travel 920 Biography & genealogy 930 History of ancient world (to ca. 499) 940 History of Europe 950 History of Asia 960 History of Africa 970 History of North America 980 History of South America 990 History of other areas

21. Third summaryThe Thousand Sections 020 Library & information sciences 021 Library relationships 022 Administration of physical plant 023 Personnel management 024 [Unassigned] 025 Library operations 026 Libraries for specific subjects 027 General libraries 028 Reading & use of other information media 029 [Unassigned] [024] [Unassigned] Most recently used in Edition 18 [029] [Unassigned] Most recently used in Edition 18

22. Third summaryThe Thousand Sections 530 Physics 531 Classical mechanics; solid mechanics 532 Fluid mechanics; liquid mechanics 533 Gas mechanics 534 Sound & related vibrations 535 Light & infrared & ultraviolet phenomena 536 Heat 537 Electricity & electronics 538 Magnetism 539 Modern physics 534 Sound & related vibrations 4 = Sound 3 = Physics 5 = Science

23. Move to applied sciences Volume 1 Tables Volume 4 Index Manual Volume 2 000-599 Volume 3 600-999

24. 600 600 Technology (Applied sciences) See also 303.483 for technology as a cause of cultural change… SUMMARY 601 Philosophy and theory 602 Miscellany 603 Dictionaries, encyclopedias… 604 Technical drawing, hazardous materials technology, history… 605 Serial publications …

25. 600 600 Technology (Applied sciences) See also 303.483 for technology as a cause of cultural change… SUMMARY 601 Philosophy and theory 602 Miscellany 603 Dictionaries, encyclopedias… 604 Technical drawing, hazardous materials technology, history… 605 Serial publications …

26. 630 Dewey Decimal Classification 630 630 Agriculture and related technologies Standard subdivisions are added for agriculture and related technologies together, for agriculture alone Class here interdisciplinary works on plants of agricultural importance…farming… SUMMARY 630.1-.9 Standard subdivisions 631 Specific technologies; apparatus… .2 Agricultural structures .3 Tools, machinery, apparatus… .4 Soil science .5 Cultivation and harvesting

27. 630 Dewey Decimal Classification 630 [.15] Scientific principles Do not use; class in 630.21-630.29 .2 Miscellany and scientific principles .201 Tabulated, illustrative, related materials; humorous treatment; audiovisual treatment .201 1-.201 2 Tabulated, illustrative, related materials [ ] Square brackets mean "Do not use"

28. 631 Agriculture and related technologies 631 631 Specific techniques; apparatus, equipment, materials Topics common to plant and animal husbandry or limited to plant culture Class comprehensive works on apparatus, equipment, materials used in a specific auxiliary technique or procedure in 630.208, e.g., computers 630.2085 Explanatory material For plant injuries, diseases, pests, see 632; for specific techniques, apparatus, equipment, materials for specific plant crops, see 633-635; …

29. 621 Engineering and allied operations 621 .93 Cutting, disassembling, sawing tools Including axes, crowbars, scissors, shears, slicers, trimmers

30. 631 Agriculture and related technologies 631 .4 Soil science Class here interdisciplinary works on soils .41 Soil chemistry .416 Inorganic chemistry .417 Organic chemistry Including humus Class here soil biochemistry .42 Soil fertility, acidity, alkalinity 631.417 What does this mean? 6 ?

31. Start with our summaries Volume 1 Manual Tables Volume 4 Index Volume 2 000-599 Volume 3 600-999

32. First summaryThe Ten Main Classes 000 Computer science, information & general works 100 Philosophy & psychology 200 Religion 300 Social sciences 400 Language 500 Science 600 Technology 700 Arts & recreation 800 Literature 900 History & geography

33. 631 Agriculture and related technologies 631 .4 Soil science Class here interdisciplinary works on soils .41 Soil chemistry .416 Inorganic chemistry .417 Organic chemistry Including humus Class here soil biochemistry .42 Soil fertility 631.417 What does this mean? 6 Technology 63 ?

34. Second summaryThe Hundred Divisions 600 Technology 610 Medicine & health 620 Engineering 630 Agriculture 640 Home & family management 650 Management & public relations 660 Chemical engineering 670 Manufacturing 680 Manufacture for specific uses 690 Building & construction

35. 631 Agriculture and related technologies 631 631.417 What does this mean? .4 Soil science Class here interdisciplinary works on soils .41 Soil chemistry .416 Inorganic chemistry .417 Organic chemistry Including humus Class here soil biochemistry .42 Soil fertility 6 Technology 63Agriculture 631 ?

36. Third summaryThe Thousand Sections 630 Agriculture & related technologies 631 Techniques, equipment & materials 632 Plant injuries, diseases, pests 633 Field & plantation crops 634 Orchards, fruits, & forestry 635 Garden crops (Horticulture) 636 Animal husbandry 637 Processing dairy & related products 638 Insect culture 639 Hunting, fishing, & conservation

37. 631 Agriculture and related technologies 631 631.417 6 Technology 63 Agriculture 631 Techniques, equipment, & materials .4 Soil science Class here interdisciplinary works on soils .41 Soil chemistry .416 Inorganic chemistry .417 Organic chemistry Including humus Class here soil biochemistry .42 Soil fertility 631.4?

38. 631 Agriculture and related technologies 631 .4 Soil science Class here interdisciplinary works on soils .41 Soil chemistry .416 Inorganic chemistry .417 Organic chemistry Including humus Class here soil biochemistry .42 Soil fertility 631.417 6 Technology 63 Agriculture 631 Techniques, equipment, & materials 631.4? Soil science

39. 631 Agriculture and related technologies 631 .4 Soil science Class here interdisciplinary works on soils .41 Soil chemistry .416 Inorganic chemistry .417 Organic chemistry Including humus Class here soil biochemistry .42 Soil fertility 631.417 6 Technology 63 Agriculture 631 Techniques, equipment, & materials 631.4 Soil science 631.41 ? Soil chemistry

40. 631.417 6 Technology (applied science) 63 Agriculture and related technologies 631 Specific techniques… materials 631.4 Soil science 631.41 Soil chemistry 631.417 Organic chemistry 631 Agriculture and related technologies 631 .4 Soil science Class here interdisciplinary works on soils .41 Soil chemistry .416 Inorganic chemistry .417 Organic chemistry Including humus Class here soil biochemistry .42 Soil fertility 631.417 Organic chemistry of soils

41. 631 Agriculture and related technologies 631 .53 Plant propagation Class here comprehensive works on plant propagation and nursery practices .531 Propagation from seeds (Sowing) .532 Propagation from bulbs and tubers .533Propagation from suckers, runners, buds .534 Propagation by layering .535 Propagation from cuttings and slips .536 Transplanting

42. Using the Relative Index Volume 1 Manual Tables Volume 4 Index Volume 2 000-599 Volume 3 600-999

43. Relative Index Persuasion 303.342 logic 168 political science 320.014 psychology 153.852 rhetoric 808 social process 303.342 Class numbers (not page numbers) 100 Philosophy & psychology 300 Social sciences 800 Literature

44. Relative Index Previous subject Publicity Publishers 070.5 biography 070.509 2 business organizations 338.761 070 5 occupational ethics 174.907 relations with authors 070.52 Publishers' catalogs 015 Publishing 070.5 accounting 657.84 journalism 070.5 law 343.099 8 Pubs 647.95 Publishing law Change to totally new subject

45. Relative Index Punctuation 411 specific languages T4—11 T4 refers to Table 4 –11 are digits to be appended to a number in the schedule

46. Relative Index Mexicans T5—687 2 Mexico 972 T2—72 Mexico (Mexico) T2—725 2 Mexico, Gulf of 551.463 4 T2—163 64 Mexico in the twentieth century

47. 972 General history of North America 972 972 Middle America Mexico SUMMARY 972.000 1–.000 9 Standard subdivisions of Middle America .001–.009 Standard subdivisions of Mexico .01–.08 Historical periods of Mexico Mexico in the twentieth century

48. Classifying in Dewey - getting started • Look up your topic in Relative Index or use the summaries • Go to the schedule • Check in the hierarchy to make sure the topic is contextually correct • Write the number down and follow any additional instructions

49. An illustrated book of farmhouses 631.21 6 Technology 63 Agriculture 631 Specific techniques; apparatus, equipment, materials 631.2 Agricultural structures 631.21 Farm houses

50. The scientific principles of crop rotation 631.582 6 Technology 63 Agriculture 631 Specific techniques… 631.5 Cultivation and harvesting 631.58 Special methods 631.582 Crop rotation How do we add the idea of scientific principles?