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Velocity and Acceleration: Understanding Motion

Learn about uniform and nonuniform motion, measuring velocity, acceleration, and equations of motion. Explore velocity-time graphs and acceleration due to gravity. Conduct a falling lab experiment to determine the acceleration of gravity.

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Velocity and Acceleration: Understanding Motion

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  1. Relative Velocity Pre-Class Friday 1-13-12 Garfield is walking at 1 m/s, but the wind is blowing him at -3 m/s. What velocity does Jon think he has?

  2. Uniform motion: constant speed or velocity Nonuniform motion: changing speed or velocity Chapter 3: Accelerated Motion

  3. Measuring velocity (in meters per second, m/s) • Velocity interval is defined as: Δv= vf - vi • The i is initial and the f is final D (Greek letter “delta”) stands for “change in” or final - initial

  4. Acceleration is the measure of the change in velocity over a given time Constant velocity means no acceleration Dv a = Dt ACCELERATION a: average acceleration (m/s2) v: velocity (m/s) t: time (s)

  5. Velocity-Time graph • Similar to Position-Time graph • Displays the velocity of an object at any time • Slope of the line shows the average acceleration

  6. Pre-Class for Tuesday 1-17-12 All of the following can be found on a velocity-time graph except for: • Average acceleration • Inertia • Velocity • Time

  7. EQUATIONS OF MOTION vf = vi + a t x = vi t + 1/2 a t2 vf2 - vi2 = 2 a x x = (vf + vi) t/2

  8. Section 3.2 Pre-class for Wednesday 1-18-12 • vf = vi + at • vf = vi + 2at • vf2 = vi2 + 2at • vf = vi– at A car is moving with an initial velocity of vi m/s. After reaching a highway, it moves with a constant acceleration of a m/s2, what will be the velocity of the car after traveling for t seconds?

  9. ACCELERATION BY GRAVITY • The Earth constantly accelerates all objects towards its center • We use the variable g for the acceleration of gravity • g = 9.8 m/s2 • a = - g = - 9.8 m/s2 (different from book)

  10. Taking a closer look…

  11. EQUATIONS OF MOTION vf = vi - g t y = vi t - 1/2 g t2 vf2 - vi2 = - 2 g y

  12. 80. 8 m/s2 81. 33 m/s 82. 6 m/s2, 0 m/s2, -2 m/s2, -4 m/s2 85. Car B,Car A&C tie 86. 607 m/s, 1.83 mach 89. 43.2 m, 43.2 m 138m, 550m 92. 924 m 94. 60 m/s 95. 50 m; yes, 21.76 m/s 97. 1.2 s 98. -78 m/s, -310 m 99. -20 m/s, -20 m 100. -7.3 m/s 102. 5.9 m, 10.8 m/s 105. 8 m 107. 280 m/s2, 29g 109. 3.1x108 m/s2, 11ms 113. 1.56 m 115. -15 m/s,-10 m, 20 m CHAPTER 3

  13. Section 3.2 Pre-class Thursday 1-19-12 What is the accepted value for the acceleration of gravity?

  14. FALLING LAB • Materials: • 6 pennies • stop watch • meter stick • tape • Objective: • determine the acceleration of gravity • Each group will turn a paper into me today.

  15. PROCEDURES • Stack five pennies and tape them together. • Drop the five pennies from 3 different heights. • Measure the distance fallen and the time it took to fall to the ground. • Determine the acceleration of gravity. • Repeat the experiment for the single penny. • Complete the chart on the next slide and answer the questions.

  16. FILL OUT THE CHART • Find the percent difference between your answer and the accepted answer. • How could you improve your results (at least 2 examples)? Questions

  17. EQUATIONS OF MOTION vf = vi + a t x = vi t + 1/2 a t2 vf2 - vi2 = 2 a x

  18. Pre-class Thursday 1-22-09 Write: “Review 4 test”

  19. TEST OVER CHAPTER3 • Take a few minutes to review/finish pre-class problems. • You need your own paper. • Do not write on my paper. • Box in final answers. • Write clearly. • You may need a calculator.

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