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PKC and Memory

PKC and Memory. Manhasset Science Research Paris Thatos. Need. Long-term trend in drug-related deaths. Percentage of People Experiencing a Mental Disorder in their Lives. Fig 1. Shows trend in drug related deaths. Fig 2. A graph showing % of people experiencing mental disorders.

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PKC and Memory

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  1. PKC and Memory Manhasset Science Research Paris Thatos

  2. Need Long-term trend in drug-related deaths Percentage of People Experiencing a Mental Disorder in their Lives Fig 1. Shows trend in drug related deaths. Fig 2. A graph showing % of people experiencing mental disorders (Gotz, 2004) (Gallaher, 2007)

  3. Long Term Potentiation • The complex chemical processes that form long-term memories (Cook, 2006) Fig. 3 The Process of Long Term Potentiation (Kanehisa, 1999)

  4. PKC (Protein Kinase C) • Has many isoforms (PKMzeta,PKMa) (Abel, 2004) Fig 4. Process of PKC interaction in Long term Potentiation

  5. Olfactory Memory Capacity of the Cricket Gryllus Bimaculatus • Yukihisa Matsumoto, Biology Letters Yukihisa Matsumoto Fig 5. Olfactory Preferences of crickets trained to associate Scent A with water reward and Scent B with saline punishment

  6. Bisindolylmaleimide is a Potent and Selective Inhibitor of PKC • Dominique Toullec, The Journal of Biological Chemistry The levels of PKC and PKA Toullec, 2005 Fig 6. The concentrations of PKC when exposed to Bisindolylmaleimide, and the concentrations of a PKC isotype

  7. Formation of Long-term Olfactory Memory in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus • Makoto Mizunami, 2005, Chem. Senses Makoto, 2006 Fig 7. A diagram of the head of the cricket. Brain (In blue) is where PKC is believed to be contained in.

  8. PKMzeta maintains spatial, instrumental and classically conditioned Long term memories • Peter Serano, Todd C. Sacktor • PLoS Biology Fig. 8. The Water Maze in a rat. 1st trial to eigth trial, when the rat has successfully memorized the path to the platform (Morris, 2004)

  9. Purpose/Hypothesis • The purpose of this experiment is to see whether Bisindolymaleide disrupts long term memories in Gryllus Bimaculatus when treated with it pre- and post- conditioning • It is hypothesized that with all administeringings of Bisindolymaleide, the formation of memories will be inhibited

  10. Grasshopper (Gryllus Bimaculatus) n=60 Group 1 - Fed normal food n=20 Group 2 - Fed normal food n=20 Group 2 - Fed food mixed with 1 mg Bisindolymaleide n=20 Each Group trained to associate one scent with reward and one with punishment Group Two now exposed to Bisindolymaleide in water supply Placed in container with two conditioned scents on either end (reward/punishment). Time spent on each scent is recorded Statistically analyzed with a One-way ANOVA (to find statistic significance) followed by a Scheffe post-hoc test (p<o.o5)

  11. Protocol • Gryllus Bimaclatus scent conditioning • Exposure to Bisindolymaleide • Exposure to scents to test whether negative or positive connotations were preserved • Recording of time spent on top of each conditioned scent Scent Testing Scent Conditioning (Matsumoto, 2006)

  12. Budget Total = $133.70

  13. Do-ability • Materials already stocked in lab: Plastic Syringe Water Sodium Chloride Pyrex Beaker • Materials not stocked can be obtained, and protocols are not particularly complex

  14. Bibliography • Olton, D.S., & Samuelson, R.J. (1976). Remembrance of places passed: Spatial memory in rats. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 2, 97-116. • Ling D, Benardo L, Serrano P, Blace N, Kelly M, Crary J, Sacktor T (2002). "Protein kinase Mzeta is necessary and sufficient for LTP maintenance". Nat. Neurosci.5 (4): 295-6. • Serrano P, Yao Y, Sacktor T (2005). "Persistent phosphorylation by protein kinase Mzeta maintains late-phase long-term potentiation". J Neurosci25 (8): 1979-84. • Pastalkova E, Serrano P, Pinkhasova D, Wallace E, Fenton A, Sacktor T (2006). "Storage of spatial information by the maintenance mechanism of LTP". Science313 (5790): 1141-4 • Cooke SF, Bliss TV (2006). "Plasticity in the human central nervous system". Brain129 (Pt 7): 1659-73 • Boron, Walter F. (2005). Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approach. Elsevier/Saunder • Clugnet, MC; LeDoux JE (01 Aug 1990). "Synaptic plasticity in fear conditioning circuits: induction of LTP in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala by stimulation of the medial geniculate body." (PDF). J Neurosci10 (8): 2818-24. • Sweatt J (1999). "Toward a molecular explanation for long-term potentiation". Learn Mem6 (5): 399-416. • Boron, Walter F. (2005). Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approach. Elsevier/Saunder • Clugnet, MC; LeDoux JE (01 Aug 1990). "Synaptic plasticity in fear conditioning circuits: induction of LTP in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala by stimulation of the medial geniculate body." (PDF). J Neurosci10 (8): 2818-24. • Sweatt J (1999). "Toward a molecular explanation for long-term potentiation". Learn Mem6 (5): 399-416.

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