THE CLAUSE

1. THE CLAUSE English 7CP Mr. Snow

2. Intro… • You already learned that a phrase was a group of words that did NOT contain both a subject and a verb and was used as a single part of speech.

3. THE CLAUSE: Overview • A. A clause is a word group that contains a subject and a verb and is used as a sentence or part of a sentence. • All clauses must have a subjectand a verb, but not all clauses express complete thoughts. • Iliked the play. [complete] • Because the musicwas loud [incomplete] • whichwas blue [incomplete]

4. INDEPENDENT CLAUSE • B. An independent clause contains a subject and verb and expresses a complete thought. • An independent clause can stand all by itself as a sentence. • My motherdrove me to school. • [contains a subject and verb and expresses a complete thought] • My motherdrove me to school, but my brothertook the bus. • [two independent clauses, both with a subject and verb, both expressing a complete thought]

5. THE PREFIX IN- • The Latin prefix in- means not. • Thus, an independent clauseis NOT dependent on anything else—it stands alone. • Can you think of some examples of other words that use in-?

6. SUBORDINATE CLAUSE • C. A subordinate clause contains a subject and verb but does not express a complete thought. • A subordinate clause all by itself is a sentence fragment. • If the dress is too long. • […what if it’s too long? It has a subject and verb but is incomplete by itself—it’s a subordinate clause] • If the dress is too long, we will hem it. • [now it has been joined with an independent clause to form a complete thought.]

7. SUBORDINATE CLAUSE • That the veterinarianrecommended. • [what did he recommend, and what about it? This, too, has a subject and verb but is incomplete] • The foodthat the veterinarian recommendedis good for our dog. • [now it’s complete] • Subordinate clauses may appear at the beginning, middle, or end of a sentence, but not by themselves.

8. THE PREFIX SUB- • The prefix sub- means beneath or under. • Subordinatecomes from two Latin words: sub- (under) + ordinare (to order). • So a subordinate clause is so called because it is lower in order. • It is dependent on other words in order to stand alone.

9. TYPES OF SUBORDINATE CLAUSES • There are two kinds of subordinate clauses: • Adjective clauses • Adverb clauses • Remember, these are both kinds of subordinate clauses, so they both have a subject and a verb.

10. ADJECTIVE SUBORDINATE CLAUSE • Adjective subordinate clauses are introduced by relative pronouns: • THAT, WHICH, WHO, WHOM, WHOSE • who founded the first women’s college • that I can ride over rough ground • whichhas blue petals • whose books are overdue • whom we have invited to dinner

11. ADVERB SUBORDINATE CLAUSE • Adverb subordinate clauses are introduced by subordinating conjunctions. Some common ones: • after, although, as, as if, as long as, as much as, as soon as, as though, because, before, how, if, in order to, since, so that, than, though, unless, until, when, whenever, where, wherever, while • because he was late • although the pizza tasted good • if I get into this college • while the rain was pouring down

12. QUIZ TIME! • Identify the subordinate clausein the following sentences: • I don’t know who stole your jacket. • If I can, I am going to hit a homerun. • The recipe that the cook recommended was a total disaster! • The dog sniffed the tree since he was unfamiliar with it. • The news, which was shocking, made everyone very nervous. • Although he’s a close friend of Susan’s, Pedro can make her really mad.

13. FIN