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Reconstruction: Legal Battles. Southern Repression: Black Codes limited the freedoms of African Americans (land ownership, interracial marriage, etc.) and kept them close to slavery
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Reconstruction: Legal Battles • Southern Repression: Black Codes limited the freedoms of African Americans (land ownership, interracial marriage, etc.) and kept them close to slavery • Republican Congress: Civil Rights Act of 1866 and 14th Amendment conferred citizenship, forbade states to abridge “privileges and immunities,”“due process of law,” and “equal protection.”
Jim Crow Era • Denial of Votes: poll tax, literacy tests, and grandfather clause • Segregation: “Separate but equal” schools, public transportation and accommodations
Washington vs. Dubois • Booker T. Washington: Accomodationist strategy of economic progress first • W. E. B. Dubois: Priority in struggle for political equality
Industrialization and Its Impact • Most political, economic, social, and cultural developments in the late 19th century can be understood in terms of the industrial revolution • Gilded Age political corruptions • Populism • Urbanization • Immigration
Railroad • Railroad as symbol and power of industrialization • Railroad as center of many industries • Chinese Americans and Building of Railroad • Role in Westward Expansion • Political Influence • Farmers Dissatisfactions
Railroad as Monopoly • Railroad companies formed monopolies and bribed government officials • Farmers felt victimized by railroads • Native Americans driven to reservations
Urbanization and Migration • Great Wave of Immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe • African Americans Moved North • Population Shift to Cities • Emergence of Big Cities