Independently on a whiteboard, write down how you would structure this question.

1. Independently on a whiteboard, write down how you would structure this question. “‘Foreign policy was the key reason for the consolidation of Henry VII’s authority” Assess the validity of this view

2. What were Elizabeth’s motives in establishing her Religious Settlement? Class Debate! Elizabeth inherited a nation that had suffered religious instability between Protestantism and Catholicism for many years. Wanting to get rid of the uncertainty of the three previous reigns, she introduced a religious settlement in 1559 which formed the foundations of the Church of England. However, it was unclear what Elizabeth really wanted, or what her motives were in establishing this settlement. Was Elizabeth intending to sort this out by political means, or was religion the major focus in her mind? TASK: Get your homework out ready to debate! JUDGEMENT: The main motivation behind Elizabeth’s religious settlement

3. What were Elizabeth’s motives in establishing her Religious Settlement? Class Debate! POINT SYSTEM JUDGEMENT: The main motivation behind Elizabeth’s religious settlement

4. Is this the start or end of religious reform for Elizabeth? Unconvinced Convinced JUDGEMENT: The main motivation behind Elizabeth’s religious settlement

5. Today’s Topic Elizabeth: Reactions to the Settlement Based on this weeks flipped learning and the topic of today’s lesson, what do you think the purpose of this lessons should be? What do you need to know (facts about…)? What do you need to be able to explain? What do you need be able to come to a judgement on? Know Key groups which reacted against Elizabeth’s settlements Explain How different groups opposed Elizabethan religion Judgement How far were these groups a threat to Elizabethan religion? How far did intellectual and religious ideas change and develop and with what effects?

6. Before we look at reactions to Elizabethan religion, it is vital that we all understand the different religious denominations in England at the same time. We have already looked at how Christianity divided into Protestants and Catholics. However, it is important to understand that there were different types of Protestants in England during Elizabeth’s reign. Know key groups which reacted against Elizabeth’s settlements

7. Elizabeth: Religious Opposition Create a graphic organiser that: Explains how Puritans/Presbyterians/Catholics opposed Elizabethan religion Rank each instance out of 10 based on their challenge to Elizabeth’s church. Explain how different groups opposed Elizabethan religion

8. The state of religion in England by 1603 By the end of her reign Elizabeth could look up a religious situation which was favourable. Compared with the beginning of her reign the level of popular Catholicism had declined. Moreover, English Catholics were fundamentally divided between a majority who tried to accommodate conflicting loyalties to crown and faith and a minority who identified wholeheartedly with the bull of excommunication and who sought a Catholic succession. The Church of England, on the other hand, had become an institution with which the majority could identify, albeit in a rather lose way. Puritanism as a dynamic movement had faded and the majority of Puritans had become assimilated with the with the Anglican mainstream. Separatism, never a numerically strong movement, had virtually disappeared. There was a broad consensus surrounding the Church of England, which ensured a substantial degree of religious unity. Explain how different groups opposed Elizabethan religion

9. ‘The Elizabethan religious settlement was successfully established in the years 1558 to 1603.’ Assess the validity of this view. What arguments could you put for each side? Use the fish diagram to plan an answer to this question. Judge how far were these groups a threat to Elizabethan religion?

10. Success of the Settlement • Act of Supremacy and Act of Uniformity, 39 Articles and the Book of Common Prayer all stayed in place • England becomes increasingly Protestant: In 1559 about 80% of the population are Catholic by 1579 the idea of a Catholic husband for Elizabeth is seen as unacceptable, by the time of the Spanish war (1585) anti-Catholic feeling is strong as seen by anti-Catholic laws and reactions to Mary Q of S • Elizabeth sees off opposition, Vestarian Crisis, Catholic plots and rebellion all fail. • Broad Church argument: The opposition strongly declined in the final years of her reign. Most Protestants and Catholics (Church Papists) could accept the Settlement. Protestant opposition in particular declined as the defeat of the Armada was seen as proof of God’s approval of the settlement as he sent Protestant winds to destroy the Spanish ships. Presbyterians and Separatist threats both declined

11. Flipped Learning?? Elizabeth’s dominant place in British history is above all assured by the establishment and defence of the 1559 Protestant settlement – the English Prayer Book and Thirty-Nine Articles of Religion – which remains the basis of the Church of England today. Due to her determination, the Church of England remained sufficiently flexible and moderate. Elizabethan prisoners, for example, could take communion standing, siting of kneeling, depending on the preferences of the community and its minister. Elizabeth would have no truck with those zealous protestants who attempted to introduce a more austere [puritan] discipline. In consequence, notwithstanding the strength of Catholic opinion at the outset of her reign, the Protestant form of worship imposed by her Act of Uniformity gained popularity over time and became embedded in the English culture. Susan Doran, ‘Elizabeth I’, BBC History magazine, vol.12 no.8 (2011)