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Privet H edges as T ree R efuges and I ncubators

Privet H edges as T ree R efuges and I ncubators. UEI Summer 2012 Mark Gomez, Erin Hall, Carmen Lopes, Vicente Perez, Dr. Morimoto , et Al. . Introduction. Question: How does privet hedge size influence the distribution and abundance of trees? Uses

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Privet H edges as T ree R efuges and I ncubators

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  1. Privet Hedges as Tree Refuges and Incubators UEI Summer 2012 Mark Gomez, Erin Hall, Carmen Lopes, Vicente Perez, Dr. Morimoto, et Al.

  2. Introduction • Question: How does privet hedge size influence the distribution and abundance of trees? • Uses • Green Fence Privacy • Trimmed to any size What is a privet hedge? • Evergreen, Genus: Ligustrum

  3. Introduction • Purpose: Are species area relationships maintained in an urban setting (neighborhood scale)? • Urban Ecology • Human impact on urban flora • Native population • Habitat restoration • Landscape Ecology • Using landscaping to promote populations and diversity • Species richness and promote native populations • Species richness while human footprint

  4. Introduction • McArthur and Wilson(1967) • Island biogeography= isolation and size effects • Habitat fragmentation • Conservation applications • Hedge Rows and Arthrop0ds (Asia, Europe, Africa, U.S.) • Hedgerows associated with species richness and individual #'s • Hedge Rows and Aves (England) • Hedgerow abundance = European starling & House Sparrow • Hedgerows = Species/ Individuals/ Populations

  5. Significance of Study Understanding Species Relationships & Phenomenon from an Urban Ecological Context (URBANIZATION) Over 75% of U.S. population now lives in a major metropolitan area Over HALF of the World's population lives in Cities

  6. Significance of Study: Educational Perspective Importance of Conducting Authentic Field Studies Sound Science (Experiencing and Connecting with Phenomenon thru Observations) Engaging Students: Exploration of Immediate Surroundings Building STEM skills with Students

  7. Methodology • Two different neigborhoods: Agassiz 8 & 9 • 3 different sections: N/S (Agassiz 8), W (Agassiz 9) • 31 hedges • Requirements: No fence, no landscaping • Measured: Maintenance, mulching, volume, area • 3days, 50+person/hrs

  8. Methodology • Maintenance Types =1(High), 2, & 3(Minimal) 2 3 1

  9. Tree species accumulation curve for the 31 privet hedges sampled in Cambridge, MA Cumulative number of tree species Privet hedges sampled

  10. Privet Hedge # Individual Trees X Hedge Area (m2) mean=13.77 sd=16.02 R=0.77 P<0.001 df=29 # individual trees in a hedge Privet Hedge area (m2)

  11. Privet Hedge # Individual Trees X Hedge Volume (m3) mean=13.77 sd=16.02 R=0.79 P<0.001 df=29 # individual trees in a hedge Privet Hedge volume (m3)

  12. Privet Hedge # Tree Species X Hedge Area (m2) mean=3.10 sd=1.84 R=0.37 P=0.038 df=29 # tree species in a hedge Privet Hedge area (m2)

  13. Privet Hedge # Tree Species X Hedge Volume (m3) mean=3.10 sd=1.84 R=0.33 P=0.033 df=29 # tree species in a hedge Privet Hedge volume (m3)

  14. Tree species abundance in 31 Cambridge Privet hedges # individuals Tree species

  15. Tree species frequencies in 31 Cambridge Privet hedges # hedges occurred in Tree species

  16. High Frequency Trees

  17. Discussion There is the strongest correlation between hedge volume and number of trees. A variety of factors contributed to the cluster formation on the graphs. Human factors such as mulching, pruning, raking underneath hedge and intentional plantings underneath or behind privet hedges affected the data. Seed travel from parent within a geographic area by wind or animal also affected the data.

  18. Discussion Continued Community Similarity data analysis (ANOVA) showed that the West Area was the least similar to itself and the other areas (see Map) • Renting vs. Owning (Private Residences, Apartment buildings, Institutional ownership, etc.) • Community Associations • Affluence

  19. Discussion End The diversity profile of a disturbed environment matches the data we found in this urban environment. In a disturbed environment (such as one affected by wildfire) there is an overabundance of a few species. This urban environment is regularly disturbed by human landscaping.

  20. Previous Studies Supporting Privet Hedge Exploration • Map of Privet Hedge Study through Urban Ecology Institute Summer 2012 • “Luxury effect”- (Hope, Gries, Zhu, F. Fagan, L. Redman, B. Grimm, L. Nelson∥, Martin, and Kinzig, 2002) • Socioeconomic vs. Plant diversity • Privets in forest - (Merriam, and Feil, 2002) • Privet decrease # of individuals and # of species in N.C. forest • Privet type vs. diversity and richness along crop-fields– (Boutin, Jobin, Belanger, and Choiniere, 2002) • Natural Hedgerows → ↑Diversity, Planted Hedgerows → ↑Richness: Can. E. Forest

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