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The French Revolution Goes Global

The French Revolution Goes Global. The Haitian Revolution. Haiti Today. First independent black state in the Americas Poorest country in Western Hemisphere Revolution of 1791-1804 destroyed much infrastructure built while it was a colony. Why study the Haitian Revolution?.

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The French Revolution Goes Global

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  1. The French Revolution Goes Global The Haitian Revolution

  2. Haiti Today • First independent black state in the Americas • Poorest country in Western Hemisphere • Revolution of 1791-1804 destroyed much infrastructure built while it was a colony

  3. Why study the Haitian Revolution? • Helps us understand Haiti today • Symbol of slaves overthrowing masters • Shows historical reach of the French Revolution • Case Study of the globalization of the Enlightenment

  4. The Creation of Saint-Domingue • We know the Tainos were killed off due to harsh labor, brutal practices, disease etc. • Europeans settle • Between 1502 – 1546 about 12,000 African slaves arrive on the island • A fraction of the # that would come The hanging of leader, Anacaona by the Spanish 1620

  5. How did the French get there? • Competition, piracy, & enemy navies threatened Spain • moved its fleet to Havana to protect it • Spanish colonists move close to port of Santo Domingo for protection • Left western part of the island open to pirates, small groups • Land open for settlement – many French

  6. Gradual settlement leads to: • 1697 Treaty of Ryswick gives France official control over western third of the island (Hispaniola) • Increase in plantation-style settlements • Increase in tobacco, cotton and esp. SUGAR • Increase in slaves for labor

  7. French Gains • Colonial trade extremely profitable • Cotton, sugar, indigo, cocoa, tobacco, coffee • Deforested much of western slope to make farms • Colony of production, not of residence (many owners lived in France) • 1791: 30,000 whites, but 500,000 + Africans

  8. Slave Labor • Important because: • 1: Knowledge from Africa influences colonial life: Religion (voodoo), agricultural practices, military knowledge • 2: No chance to breed acceptance – culture of resistance • About 2/3 of slaves were African-born • Many worked to exhaustion – therefore more were brought over

  9. Groups in Haiti in 1791 • Whites (32,000) • Affranchi’s or Ex-slaves (some became wealthy planters & owned slaves) • Slaves born in Haiti • Slaves from Africa

  10. Signs of Trouble Brewing • COMPARE TO WHAT YOU KNOW ABOUT LONGTERM CAUSES of FR REVOLUTION • What’s similar? • What’s different? • 1750’s Francois Makandal conspires to have several slaves poison their masters in the North • Captured & executed, but left legacy of resistance

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