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Primary Source Summary Project

Explore the development of musical tastes in pre-Civil War America, from military bands to minstrelsy, including key instruments, musicians, and societal influences. Uncover the transformation of music as a social tool and artistic expression.

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Primary Source Summary Project

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  1. Primary Source Summary Project Instructions remain posted on course website Paper due on Monday, 7 Oct 19 @ 5:00 pm(one week from today) Preliminary (completed) drafts accepted for advisory reading until Wednesday, 25 Sep 19

  2. Chapter Five “A Language of Feeling” : Cultivating Musical Tastes in Antebellum America

  3. Bands in the US (pre-Civil War) • (Still) Based in military music • Harmoniemusik w/ additions…. • Keyed brass, e.g., ophecleide • Valves – c. 1840, e.g., cornet • Saxhorns (invented by Adolphe Sax, 1840s) • Brass bands • Add Percussion – Janissary Instruments

  4. Ophicleide & Saxhorns Ex. Baritone SaxhornEx. Alto Saxhorn Ex.The Ophicleide Ex. Ophicleide demonstration

  5. Civil War Bands Exs. Band Music from the Civil War Era (LoC) & Dodworth Saxhorn Band (Rehearsal) Ex. Helene Schottisch (LG 5.1, p. 102)

  6. Oratorio Societies • Boston Handel and Haydn Society (1815) • Amateur Choral Singers • Classical ART Music • Concert as Edification • “At 200, Handel And Haydn Society's Music Remains Unchanged” • Civic Choral Groups- Bach Festival (Winter Park)- Bach Festival (Bethlehem, PA)- Oratorio Societies (Wiki list)- Bach Festivals (Wiki list)

  7. John Sullivan Dwight • Boston Minister, Transcendentalist, etc. • 1st (important) Music Critic • Interest in Beethoven • 1841 – LvB’s Sym 1 • Journal (1852-1881) • Music as a social tool- Classical music at top- egalitarian participation- “Republicanism”

  8. Classical Music in NYC • Philharmonic Society of New York (1842)- “the advancement of instrumental music”- European immigrant and trained musicians • William Henry Fry (1813-1864)- composer, critic, & promoter of US music- 1st (?) US symphony: Santa Claus Symphony (1853)- Grand operas, including Leonora (1845) • George Bristow (1825-1898)- composer, performer & advocate of US music- symphonic: Symphony No. 2 (1854), etc. • A.P. Heinrich (1781-1861)

  9. Louis Moreau Gottschalk • Child prodigy in NOLA • Age 13 to Paris- rejected by Conservatoire- private study • Debut Salle Pleyel (age 16)- praised by Chopin (!)- “Creole” compositions “exotic” • Bamboula, danse des negres, Op. 2 (cf., next slide) • Gottschalk - The Banjo, Fantaisie Grotesque, Op.15 (LG 5.2 - p. 110) b. 1829, New Orleans;d. 1869, Rio de Janeiro

  10. “The Bamboula” by E.W. Kremble for The Century Magazine (1886)

  11. Gottschalk (2) • Touring piano virtuoso- US (to west coast)- Latin America • Compositions draw on:- Afro-Cuban- US (folk, trad., etc.) • Souvenir de Porto Rico (1857) • The Union (1862) • Fiesta criolla from "La Nuit des Tropiques«  (1858-59) • First American musician to achieve international fame

  12. Chapter Six “The Ethiopian Business” : Minstrelsy and Popular Song through the Civil War

  13. Minstrelsy (defined) • Uniquely US popular form • Widespread from 1840s to 1880s (& beyond) • Origins in NYC (& elsewhere) • “Variety show” format- song & dance- jokes & comic dialogue/monologues • Blackface (“covers”)

  14. George Washington Dixon(1801?-1861) • First (?) important US blackface performer • Working class background (NYC) • Circus act – singer & reciter of poems • “Ethiopian songs” • 1829 – “Coal Black Rose” (NYC, Bowery)- Coal Black Rose – YouTube (solo banjo)- Coal Black Rose (1829) (vocal) • Political satire & commentary • 1834 – “Long Tail Blue” (see following slide)- Long Tail Blue (solo banjo)- Long Tail Blue (banjo w/ voice)

  15. Dixon as “Zip Coon” Music Example: Zip CoonMusic Example: The Skillet Lickers-Turkey In The StrawMusic Example: Tennessee Mafia Jug Band "Turkey In The Straw"

  16. Thomas “Daddy” Rice(1808-1860) • b. NYC (Lower East Side)- the Bowery • Traveling performer by 1827 • Mimics black/southern speech- travels Ohio Valley & South • “Jim Crow” – observations of black workers/slaves • 1830s - “Jump Jim Crow” • Music Examples- Jump Jim Crow – YouTube- Melvin Wine - Jump Jim Crow

  17. Virginia Minstrels • 1843 – 1st performances in the Bowery • Dan Emmett (fiddle) and three co-performers • GROUP performance in blackface & costume • Extended “concert” w/ songs, dialect, etc. • “Jimmy Crack Corn”- Jimmy Crack Corn played by Brad Sondahl – YouTube- Jim Crack Corn (1846) (explicit lyrics!) • “Old Dan Tucker”- The Skillet Lickers-Old Dan Tucker - Grandpa Jones - Old Dan Tucker – YouTube- Bruce Springsteen - Old Dan Tucker (Live 2006 Dublin) • “The Boatman Dance” (LG 6.1 – p. 119-20)- "The Boatman Dance" with banjo & fiddle – YouTube- Boatman Dance. – YouTube- De Boatman's Dance (1843, credited to Dan Emmett)

  18. “END MEN” “Mr. Tambo”[Dick Pelham] Fiddle (Violin)[Dan Emmett] Banjo[Billy Whitlock] “Mr. Bones”[Frank Brower]

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