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Animal Behavior

Explore the study methods of Comparative Psychology, Ethology, & Sociobiology to understand behavior like Instinct, Maturation, Imprinting, & Learning. Discover how animals communicate, forage, exhibit social behavior, mate, and show aggression & altruism.

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Animal Behavior

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  1. Animal Behavior Mrs. Rightler

  2. Methods of Study • Comparative psychology • Ethology • Behavioral ecology • Sociobiology

  3. Instinct • Basic set of behaviors present at birth • May need a trigger • Behavior improves or changes with experience

  4. Maturation • Behavior seen after a period of development has occurred • Improvement or change not based on experience but on time • Ex. Tadpole swimming techniques

  5. Imprinting • Konrad Lorenz • Critical time period ONLY • Young animal develops attachment to another animal or object • Rapid learning

  6. Learning

  7. Habituation • Animal trained to ignore stimuli • Dog examples

  8. Classical Conditioning • Pavlov’s dog • Animal learns to respond to particular stimuli • Basic obedience training

  9. Instrumental Conditioning • Trial-and-error learning • Skinner Box • Behavior can be “shaped”

  10. Latent Learning • Exploratory learning • No obvious reward • Helps animal learn about its surroundings

  11. Insight Learning • Animal uses experiences and thinking to solve problems. • Tool use • Primates

  12. Behavior is Controlled by: • Nervous system • Endocrine system • Organizational effects • Activational effects

  13. Animal Communication • Transfer of information from one animal to the other (both must be mutually adapted) • Visual • Auditory • Tacticle • Chemical

  14. Behavioral Ecology

  15. Habitat Selection • Two factors influence habitat choice • Physiological • Psychological

  16. Finding Food

  17. Foraging Behavior • Process of locating food resources • Cost vs. benefit analysis • Handling time • Nutritional value • Status value • Concentration/density

  18. Specialists vs. Generalist

  19. Social Behavior • Members of the same species • Usually live full-time in groups • Can refer to predator-prey interactions

  20. Group Living • Animal society – stable group of individuals of the same species that have cooperative relationships outside of mating and raising young. • Invertebrates and vertebrates

  21. Advantages to Group Life • Protection from predators • Increase feeding efficiency • Protection from elements • Easy access to potential mates

  22. Mating Behavior

  23. Disadvantages of Group Life • Competition for resources • Diseases • Parasites

  24. Aggression • Agonistic behavior • Attacks • Threat displays • Maintains territory • Maintains dominance hierarchy

  25. Altruism • Individual sacrifices reproductive potential for the benefit of others in the group • Honeybees • Turkeys • Naked mole rats • Kin selection

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