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Community-Based Corrections Generally

Community-Based Corrections Generally. CBC Generally Offender Selection The State of Modern CBC. What Is CBC?. Intermediate Sanctions and CBC. Recall:. What are Intermediate Sanctions?. What are IS?. CBC Objectives. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Community Protection.

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Community-Based Corrections Generally

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  1. Community-Based Corrections Generally CBC Generally Offender Selection The State of Modern CBC

  2. What Is CBC?

  3. Intermediate Sanctions and CBC • Recall:

  4. What are Intermediate Sanctions? • What are IS?

  5. CBC Objectives • 1. • 2. • 3. • 4. • 5.

  6. Community Protection • Offender Selection Criteria Restrictions (IS) and Level of Control Rules and Rules Enforcement

  7. Rules and Rules Enforcement • Rules and rules enforcement tend to deter criminal activity and identify, before crime, persons at risk for criminality.

  8. Fairness and Justice

  9. Fairness and Justice AKA: Proportionality • Punishment should fit the crime • Aggravating and mitigation circumstances • Apply the right amount of just deserts

  10. Should an offender who works and obeys the law, but continues to have problems with drugs, be sent to prison?

  11. Rehabilitation and Reintegration • Rebuilding community ties • Family, Job, Friends, Education Why are these things important?

  12. Rehabilitation • Rehabilitation is based on the premise that crime and delinquency are:

  13. “Healthy” Community Organization Examples

  14. Why are “healthy” community offerings important?

  15. Why are “healthy” community offerings important?

  16. What happens when offenders are barred from normal social roles?

  17. Labeling Theory

  18. Practical Implications • Programs that avoid stigmatizing offenders and enable them to maintain ties to the larger community could be expected to encourage responsible, law-abiding behavior.

  19. Reintegration • Reintegration, to be effective, must be:

  20. Restorative and Community Justice

  21. Cost Effectiveness • Prison: About $18,000 - $25,000 per year • Probation: About $1,400 per year • Effective TX: About $12,000 - $14,000 year

  22. Cost Effectiveness cont’d • 28,000 VA inmates X $22,000 = $616,000,000 per year • 40,000 P&P Cases X $1,400 • = $ 56,000,000 per year • 7,000 Selected Inmate Cases X $14,000 • = $ 98,000,000 per year • Savings: $155,554.000 - $98,000,000 • = $57,554,000 per year PLUS Less Crime

  23. Cost Effectiveness cont’d • TX pays for itself. • Fact: • Fact:

  24. Offender Selection

  25. Offender Selection Tools • Presentence Report • Risk and Needs Assessments • Sentencing Guidelines

  26. Sentencing Guidelines

  27. Who Uses Sentencing Guidelines?

  28. Sentencing Guideline Purpose

  29. History of SG in Virginia • Historical widespread inequities • Voluntary sentencing guidelines • 75% compliance rate by judges

  30. Truth In Sentencing • 1980-1992 Number f federal prisoners increased 46% to 75% • Result: 60% increase in corrections spending

  31. Important Concepts • Collective Incapacitation: • Selective Incapacitation:

  32. Important Concepts • Determinate Sentencing: Indeterminate Sentencing -

  33. Important Concepts

  34. The State of Modern Community Corrections

  35. Get Tough On Crime • Result of War On Drugs • National crackdown on drug use • Massive increases in law enforcement and prosecutions

  36. Get Tough On Crime • Effect • Increase in drug users in prison • Limited prison space for violent and property offenders • Huge increases in correctional spending • DOC became largest agency in many states

  37. Get Tough on Crime

  38. Some Bright Spots • Greater focus on violent offenders • Law authorized federal mandatory minimum for minor drug offenders • Federal money to states for prisons tied to • Evidence of balanced approach • Rehabilitation, TX, Education • Diversion, Drug Courts, Post Release Assistance

  39. Less Bright Spots • Limited federal court authority to remedy prison overcrowding • Permitted double bunking of maximum security inmates • Most states maximized incarceration • Proliferation of sentencing enhancements for all • Parole abolition

  40. Sentencing Enhancements • Three strikes and you’re out • For All • Truth in sentencing (Serve 85% of time) • For All • Sentencing Guideline enhancements

  41. Prison Admissions • Implication?

  42. Collective Incapacitation Criticisms • If collective incapacitation were effective, crime reduction would have been greater. • Serious offenders were already incarcerated • Longer sentences incapacitate offenders after criminal career ended or greatly diminished • Drug offenders leave prison with broader criminal expertise • Middle class assumption prison is equal deterrent to all groups

  43. Reality of Incapacitation Policy

  44. Cost and Consequences of Incarceration Policy • Cost • Economic, Social, Educational, Health and Public Safety • Consequences If Trend Continues • Raise taxes or reduce Funding in almost all other areas

  45. International Perspective • US places disproportionate emphasis on physical punishment in CCJ policy. • US reliance on collective incapacitation is not based on demonstrated success.

  46. What Are The Alternatives? • Reintroduce Indeterminacy In Sentencing • Focus On Alternatives To Incarceration • Remove Lesser Offenders From Prison • Especially Drug Offenders

  47. Solution: Back To CBC • CBC can provide protection • Rehabilitation and enforcing restrictions costs $ • Most offenders respond to the right program match • CBC is the best cost effective alternative

  48. Conclusion • Public safety concerns dominate correctional planning. • Resolution of offender problems and needs may be the best long-term solution to public safety problems and crime prevention.

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