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The Periodic Table: A Guide to Elements and Families

Discover the periodic table and its organization based on chemical properties and atomic numbers. Learn about metals, nonmetals, metalloids, and the different families of elements.

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The Periodic Table: A Guide to Elements and Families

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  1. The Periodic Table

  2. What Does Periodic Mean? • Periodic means repeated in a pattern • Think about a calendar: • Weeks are periodic – they repeat every 7 days

  3. Dimitri Mendeleev (1834 - 1907) • Created the first way to organize all known elements • Based his table on the pattern of chemical properties

  4. Mendeleev’s Periodic Table • Based on chemical properties • Organized by atomic masses • Predicted unknown elements

  5. Henry Moseley (1887 – 1915) • His work led to a reorganization of Mendeleev’s table by atomic number • Killed by a sniper in World War One at age 27

  6. The Modern Periodic Table Organized into Rows = Periods Columns = Families

  7. Periods and Families • The families are numbered at the top of your periodic table in your reference table • Take a pen and number the periods • Number one is the row with Hydrogen • Number seven is the row with Francium

  8. Names of Families Group 1A or 1 Alkali Metals

  9. Names of Families Group 2A or 2 Alkaline Earth Metals

  10. Names of Families Group 7A or 17 Halogens

  11. Names of Families Group 8A or 18 Noble Gasses

  12. Special Groups Groups 3-12 Transition Metals

  13. Special Groups 1st Row at Bottom Lanthanoids OR Lanthanides

  14. Special Groups 2nd Row at Bottom Actinoids OR Actinides

  15. One Other Feature Notice the dark stairstep line. Separates metals from nonmetals

  16. Metals • To the left of the stair-step line • Typically solids with high melting points • Good conductors of heat and electricity • Malleable – can be formed into a different shape • Ductile – can be drawn into wires

  17. Metals • As you move left across the periodic table, metals become more reactive • As you move down a group (family), metals become more reactive • Remember the video about cesium? • Where are the most reactive elements on the periodic table?

  18. Metalloids • Touching the stair-step line • Have properties in between metals and nonmetals • Semiconductors – Think silicon in computer chips

  19. Nonmetals • To the right of the stair-step line • Typically gasses with low melting points • Very poor conductors of heat and electricity • Brittle – break rather than change shape

  20. Nonmetals • As you move right across the periodic table, nonmetals become more reactive • As you move down a group (family), nonmetals become less reactive • Where are the most reactive nonmetals?

  21. Exit Ticket • On the index card, please answer the following questions: • Which group is the halogens? • What is the most reactive non-metal? • What is the most reactive metal? • List two metalloids.

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