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Dive into cell structure and function review while discovering the diversity of protists. Learn about key cell types, structures, and functions through the lens of biological concepts. Experiment with dissecting scopes to observe live specimens and gain insights into organelles. Get hands-on with lab activities focusing on classification, hierarchical systems, and different kingdoms.
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In this lab we will: A. Review cell structure and function (Chapter 2). B. Begin examining diversity of life with some protist taxa (handouts).
Principal Biological Concepts to Emphasize: A. Cell theory - all living things are made of cells. B. Levels of organization: atomsmoleculesmacromoleculesorganellescellstissuesorgansorganisms C. Cell types D. Cell structures and functions E. Diversity and cladistic analysis G. Diversity of some protist groups
Dissecting scopes A. Putting prepared slides under the dissecting scope is often a convenient way to look at larger specimens. B. Look at live protists and small inverts under dissecting scopes when preparing wet mounts.
Cell Structure A. Basic aspects of cell structure and function 1. All cells have a nucleus (or nucleoid), cytoplasm and a plasma membrane.
2. The plasma membrane isolates the cell from the environment, controls the flow of molecules into and out of the cell, and contains receptors that effect cell’s activities.
3. A nucleus is bound be a membrane and contains DNA. (In bacterial and blue-green cells, DNA in located in the nucleoid region and is not membrane-bound.)
4. The cytoplasm contains membrane systems, particles, filaments (the cytoskeleton), and a semifluid matrix.
Eukaryotes 1. internal membrane bound organelles - with specific structures and functions. a. cell membrane surrounding cytoplasm b. nuclear membrane around nucleus c. endoplasmic reticulum d. mitochrondria e. chloroplasts
A. Nucleus B. Nucleolus C. Membrane systems 1. endoplasmic reticulum a. smooth ER b. rough ER 2. ribosomes D. Mitochondria E. Golgi bodies F. Chloroplasts G. Central Vacuole H. Cell wall I. Flagella and cilia Organelles
In lab: A. Bacterial cells B. Human epidermal cells stain- methylene blue C. Onion epidermis D. Hydrilla
Use glass slides throughout lab, then throw them in GLASS container.
Data sheet 1 (10 pts.) THIS IS DUE BEFORE YOU LEAVE THE LAB.
Classification A. Taxonomic hierarchy - Domain, kingdom, phylum (division), class, order, family, genus, species. B. 3 domains 1. Bacteria 2. Archaea 3. Eukarya
Eukarya a. "Protists" – At least 5 kingdoms b. Kingdom ANIMALIA c. Kingdom FUNGI d. Kingdom PLANTAE
The five-kingdom system compared with two alternative classification schemes
The "protists” A. Representing at least 5 kingdoms B. 60,000 extant species C. Eukaryotic cells origin from prokaryotes by endosymbiosis
This week we will include: A. Kingdom Rhizopoda B. Kingdom Euglenozoa 1. Phylum Euglenophyta – euglenoids 2. Phylum Kinoplastida C. Kingdom Alveolata 1. Phylum Ciliophora
In lab: A. Euglena - (with Stentor) B. Trichonympha C. Trypanosoma D. Paramecium E. Stentor F. Vorticella
Trypanosoma, the kinetoplastid that causes sleeping sickness
Conjugation and genetic recombination in Paramecium caudatum