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Finding References for Research Topics in Exercise Physiology, Exercise Science, and Kinesiology. KINE 5300 Research Methods. Dr. Joel T. Cramer CSCS,*D; NSCA-CPT,*D; ACSM H/FI Assistant Professor Department of Kinesiology. References. Academic Resources Primary Secondary
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Finding References for Research Topics in Exercise Physiology, Exercise Science, and Kinesiology KINE 5300 Research Methods Dr. Joel T. Cramer CSCS,*D; NSCA-CPT,*D; ACSM H/FI Assistant Professor Department of Kinesiology
References • Academic Resources • Primary • Secondary • Non-academic Resources
Primary Academic References • Original research studies conducted by authors • Published in scholarly journals • Require IRB approval • Refereed or Peer reviewed • Specific hypotheses tested and discussed • Focused
Benefits: Can be published in the form of journal articles or books Peer reviewed May provide an idea or starting point for: Identifying topics Structure Key words Drawbacks: No IRB approval Older information Not as current as primary sources Secondary Academic References • Summaries and syntheses of the literature
Benefits: General idea or starting point Identifying topics Key words Drawbacks: 1st Amendment Can be published anywhere; can say anything No IRB approval Not peer reviewed Based upon speculation and opinion Non-academic References • Anything that is published outside of the primary and secondary academic resources, including: newspapers, magazines, and the world-wide web
Locating References • Accessing appropriate databases • Searching databases • Same as searching the web! • Narrowing your searches • Viewing copies of specific articles
Databases • List of databases and indexes available through the UTA Libraries Online system http://library.uta.edu/Main/home.uta • Right side links – “Education & Kinesiology” • Under “Library Databases”, click “Kinesiology” • http://library.uta.edu/Main/subjNarrow.uta?DBID=KINESIOLOGY • Scroll down to see all databases • Two primary databases for topics in Exercise, Health, and Disease: • MEDLINE • SPORT Discus
MEDLINE® • Medical Literature, Analysis, and Retrieval System Online • U.S. National Library of Medicine's (NLM) primary bibliographic database • Can be searched online or through library-based search engines: • PubMed®http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi • NLM Gateway http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd • UTA Libraries Online: via FirstSearch • Medical Subject Headings (MeSH®) • NLM’s indexing vocabulary • 1966 to present; updated daily; 460,000 added annually • Index Medicus journals only
MEDLINE® Access • PubMed® • http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi • Easy online access • Great for quick searches • Access to other databases (3D structures, etc.) • Search on campus with (OCLC) FirstSearch • FirstSearch Basic • FirstSearch Advanced • FirstSearch Expert • More sophisticated search-and-retrieve capabilities • Slightly different vocabulary search definitions • Library interface
FirstSearch Tips • About 44 different types of searches • Examples of commonly used searches: • Key Words (kw:) • Abstract (ab:) • Authors (au:) • Title (ti:) • Specify articles that can be found in the UTA Library System • FirstSearch Expert
FirstSearch Tips • Plurals: • “+” = -s or -es • [kw:disease+] = disease and diseases • [ti:hypothesis OR hypotheses] • Truncation: • Minimum of first three letters followed by an asterisk “*” • [ti:hypothes*] = hypothesis, hypotheses, hypothesized • Wildcards: • Minimum of first three letters followed by “#” or “?” • # = a single letter • ? = a number of letters in a single term • FirstSearch Expert
FirstSearch Tips • Boolean Searching • Combining search terms • AND, OR, and NOT • [kw:pediatric AND kw:disease] • [ab:cardiovascular AND ab:heart AND ab:disease] • Nesting • [kw:(pediatric OR geriatric) AND kw:disease] • Proximity Searching • Combining adjacent search terms within a specified proximity • “W” = with • “N” = near • [au:cramer W jt] • [ti:cardiovascular N disease] • FirstSearch Expert
SPORT Discus • Offered by SilverPlatter Information • A unique resource for both practical and research literature on sport, physical fitness and physical education topics • http://www.silverplatter.com/catalog/spor.htm • Can be searched for free through the library: • http://library.uta.edu/Main/subjNarrow.uta?DBID=KINESIOLOGY (scroll to find SPORTdiscus) • SPIRS (SilverPlatter Information Retrieval System) • Not limited to Index Medicus journals, but not as updated or extensive as MEDLINE
Database Searches • Types of Searches • Key words • Titles, abstracts, subjects, phrases, etc. • Authors • Last names, first initials • Identification numbers • ISSN (International Standard Serial Number) • ISBN (International Standard Book Numbering) • Medline number • Accession number • Year / date of publication
Identifying Key Words • Write out an example title or research question for your project. • Select the “key words” from the title that capture the essence of the project. • The goal is to focus your search, so try to focus your topic. • Example 1: “Cancer and exercise” [kw:cancer and exercise] • Example 2: “Can exercise positively influence cancer treatment?” [kw:(cancer w treatment) and kw:exercise] • Example 3: “The effects of exercise during the treatment and recovery from non-hodgkins lymphoma” [kw:(non-hodgkins w lymphoma) and kw:exercise] • Secondary academic references…
Other Examples • Combining authors and keywords • Example 1: “White” [au:white] • Example 2: “White AT?” [au:white w at] • Example 3: “White AT and multiple sclerosis” [au:(white w at) and kw:(multiple w sclerosis)] • Other areas of interest • Example 1: “EMG or MMG” [kw:EMG or kw:MMG] • Example 2: “EMG and MMG?” [kw:EMG and kw:MMG] • Example 3: “EMG, MMG, and disease” [kw:EMG and kw:MMG and kw:disease] • Example 4: “EMG, MMG, and pediatric disease” [kw:(sound or acoustic or MMG or mechanomyography) and kw:EMG and kw:(pediatric and disease)]
Other Examples • Who are the leaders in the field? • Example 1: “White AT?” [au:white w at] • Ask about names to search • Authors of textbooks/book chapters • Referenced in other secondary academic references • Example 2: “Enoka RM” [au:enoka w rm] • Example 3: “De Luca CJ” [au:de luca w cj] • Example 4: “Orizio C” [au:orizio w c] • Example 5: “Housh TJ” [au:housh w tj]
Getting a Full-text Copy • Accessing full-text articles on-line • Must be on campus for some full-text articles (or proxy access) • UTA has subscription with ScienceDirect® • “Google” the name of the journal – check archives • Does the library have it? • FirstSearch function • UTA Libraries Online Catalog • http://pulse.uta.edu/ • Interlibrary Loan Services • https://illiad.uta.edu/illiad/ • Must register online first!
Review of Topics Covered • Types of References Available • Locating References • Databases • Searching • Examples • Getting a copy