A Clash of Values

1. A Clash of Values Ch.15 Sec.1

2. Nativism Resurges • Reasons for Nativist Resurgence • Immigration increased again after the war ended • Economy still bad after WW1 • Lingering prejudice towards Germans & Communists added tension

3. Sacco & Vanzetti • Sacco & Vanzetti Case • Accused of a murder/robbery in Braintree, MA • Were accused of being anarchists • Evidence was slim against them • Public anger was high because they were recent immigrants • Found guilty, both executed • Anarchists – Those who oppose all forms of govt

4. Pseudo-Scientific Racism • Eugenics • Belief that human hereditary traits can be improved through elimination of inferior individuals • Those w/ superior genetics were descendents from Northern Europe • Supported by Nativist as another reason limit limit immigration, bolstered feelings of racism • Embraced by Woodrow Wilson, Alexander Grahme Bell, John Harvey Kellogg, Winston Churchill, Adolf Hitler

5. Nativism Grows • Resurgence of the KKK • Recruited a new generation of nativists • Targeted Catholics, Jews, immigrants • Group publicly claimed they fought for “Americanism” • Membership reached 4 million by 1924

6. Limiting U.S. Immigration • Emergency Quota Act • Passed in 1921 • Set quotas on the amount of each ethnic group that could enter the U.S. each year • Only applied to Southern & Eastern Europeans • National Origins Act of 1924 • Tightened the allowed quota for each ethnicity • Further discriminated against Southern & Eastern Europeans

7. The New Morality in the U.S. • The New Morality • Name given to the new ideas that were challenging traditional views • Referred to ideas that glorified youth and personal freedom • Emphasized the pursuit of pleasure as important for families, singles • Promoted education and independence for women

8. Women in the 1920s • 1920s Female Fashion • Short hair became fashionable (bobbed hair) • Knee length skirts & flesh colored stockings became popular • Flapper – A young, dramatic, stylish female who smoked, drank, dressed in modern clothes, and sought self-reliance and independence

12. Traditionalist Fight Back! • Fundamentalist Movement • Grew out of a concern that the new morality was destroying America • Was a religious movement that called for Americans to turn back to right moral living • Popular in rural America • Fought for authority of the Bible, rejection of evolution • Famous preachers included Billy Sunday & Aimee Semple McPherson

13. Traditionalists Fight Back! • Scopes Trial • Defining moment in Fundamentalism vs. New Morality • John T. Scopes was a high school biology teacher in Tennessee • Violated state laws and taught theory of evolution to his students • Taken to trial, became a national sensation • Was found guilty & fined $100.00

14. Traditionalists Fight Back! • Prohibition • A law passed in the U.S. that banned the sale of alcohol • Passed due to pressure across the country from Fundamentalists • Was believed to be a main reason for moral decline in America • 18th amendment passed in 1920, repealed in 1933 • Volstead Act – Gave U.S. Treasury police power to enforce Prohibition • Speakeasies – Secret bars that sold alcohol