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Instructional Design

Instructional Design. Chapter 1: Introduction to Instructional Design. Objectives. Define instructional design. Identify Identify at least four areas where instructional design can be used. Describe two features of ILT, distance learning, CBT, and WBT.

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Instructional Design

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  1. Instructional Design Chapter 1: Introduction to Instructional Design

  2. Objectives • Define instructional design. • Identify Identify at least four areas where instructional design can be used. • Describe two features of ILT, distance learning, CBT, and WBT. • Explain the relationship between instructional design and multimedia. • State the purpose of each phase of the ADDIE model. • List the steps in each phase of the ADDIE model.

  3. Objectives (cont.) • Explain the relationship between the phases of the ADDIE model. • State two reasons why instructional design is a science as well as an art. •  State two advantages of the rapid prototyping approach.    

  4. Definition of Instructional Design Instructional design is the systematic development of instructional specifications using learning and instructional theory to ensure the quality of instruction.

  5. Definition of Instructional Design (cont.) Key Phrases: • Systematic development: A series of tasks or steps • Learning and instructional theory: How people learn and what are the appropriate instructional strategies for different people • Quality of instruction: Value of the learning experience to an individual student

  6. Applying Instructional Design • Instructor-led training (ILT): Any learning situation in which a teacher leads a group of learners The following table describes the features of ILT:

  7. Applying Instructional Design (cont.) • Distance learning: A system that connects learners with distributed resources The following table describes the features of distance learning:

  8. Applying Instructional Design (cont.) • Computer-based training (CBT): An interactive instruction that conveys job skills and related knowledge The following table describes the features of CBT:

  9. Applying Instructional Design (cont.) • Web-based training (WBT): An instruction that uses Web-based technologies for the purpose of training The following table describes the features of CBT:

  10. Multimedia • Multimedia uses a variety of methods to communicate information. • Some examples of use of multimedia in training are: • Use of audio-visual presentations and graphics in ILTs • Use of text, graphics, audio, video, and animation in CBTs and WBTs

  11. ADDIE Model The following figure shows the five phases of the ADDIE model.

  12. ADDIE Model (cont.) The following table shows the five phases of the ADDIE model and the questions related to them.

  13. Analysis Phase • The Analysis phase is divided into four steps: • Needs analysis: Involves talking to and gathering information from a range of people, such as potential learners • Learner analysis: Determines the current ability level of the learners, identifies learner characteristics • Task analysis: Identifies the activities that a learner performs in real life and on the job • Context analysis: Examines the conditions in which the learner works

  14. Design Phase • The five steps in the Design phase are: • Writing objectives: Provides a focus to the learner and the course development team • Structuring content: Sequences and establishes linkages between topics • Selecting an evaluation type and writing test items: Performs evaluation using test items • Selecting an instructional approach and strategies: Considers the learner profile, the context, and the type of content to make these decisions • Designing the graphical user interface: Enables the learner to access the contents, and answer the test questions

  15. Development Phase • The four steps in the Development phase are: • Writing a storyboard: Refers to a visual plan of the course • Creating graphics and other media output: Refers to simple flowcharts and figures or the background screens • Programming: Refers to the interactions, navigation, and the use of features • Construction: Refers to all the elements of the course, such as text, graphics, audio, or video, are put together

  16. Implementation Phase • The steps in the Implementation phase are: • Preparing the implementation schedule: Involves making changes during implementation phase • Providing documentation to the client :Prepares the audience to receive and use the course • Preparing the delivery environment : Involves installing the hardware, software, and implementing support mechanisms • Delivering the course:Involves the physical delivery of the course

  17. Evaluation Phase • Evaluation can be done at three different stages: • Formative evaluation: Provides feedback about whether the course achieved its objectives • Summative evaluation: Measures the degree to which the course has achieved its objectives • Confirmative evaluation: Assesses whether learners retained knowledge and skills over time

  18. Varying the Instructional Systems Design Process • The following are the steps involved: • Variations in the ADDIE model: Many organizations make slight adjustments to the flow to suit their individual styles. • Customizing the ADDIE model: The phases of the ADDIE model are not a linear progression without any possibility of going back and forth. • Iterative course development and rapid prototyping: The iterative approach does not separate the development process into phases.

  19. Summary • Instructional design is the systematic development of instructional specifications. • Multimedia is defined as the use of more than one method to communicate information. • Instructional design is applied in: • Education • Instructor-led training (ILT) • Distance learning • Computer-based training (CBT) • Web-based training (CBT)

  20. Summary (cont.) • The ADDIE model is the most accepted of all ISD models. Its major phases are Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. • The four steps in Analysis phase are: • Needs assessment • Learner analysis • Task analysis • Context analysis

  21. Summary (cont.) • The five steps in the Development phase are: • Writing objectives • Structuring content • Selecting an evaluation type and writing test items • Selecting an instructional approach and strategies • Designing the user interface • The four steps in Design phase are: • Writing a storyboard • Creating graphics and other media output

  22. Summary (cont.) • Programming • Construction • The three types of evaluation are: • Formative • Summative • Confirmative

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