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Understanding Disease Pathology and Terminology in Health Professions

Explore the mechanisms, manifestations, and terminology of diseases, from general to specific organ systems. Learn about pathophysiology, pathogenesis, and clinical pathology in the context of health and disease. Enhance your understanding of disease processes.

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Understanding Disease Pathology and Terminology in Health Professions

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  1. The Nature of DiseasePathology for the Health Professions Thomas H. McConnell Chapter 1 Health and Disease Introduction & Terminology

  2. Your Textbook’s Approach to Pathophysiology • Part I: Mechanisms of Health and Disease (Exam 1) • Also called General Pathology • General mechanisms of disease • Part II: Disorders of Organ Systems (Exams 2 & 3) • Also called Special Pathology • Diseases of Specific Organ Systems • Part II: Disorders of the Stages and States of Life (You are NOT responsible for this, but it might be important for you in certain disciplines) • Application of general and special pathology to stages of life

  3. Introduction to Pathophysiology Pathophysiology – the study of the underlying changes in body physiology that result from disturbance(s) in homeostasis, i.e., disease, which is some form of injury to the body. It seeks to: - Understand mechanisms of disease - Examine how/why alterations occur during disease • **Understand how alterations from normal produce signs and symptoms of disease Pathogenesis – Pattern of changes, or stages, occurring during the development of the disease Anatomic Pathology – examines structural alterations (lesions) in cells tissues and organs. May be gross or microscopic Clinical Pathology – Studies functional aspects of disease by laboratory analysis of tissue, blood, urine, other body fluids

  4. Disease and Structure/Function WHAT IS DISEASE? • Failed homeostasis • Anatomy and physiology gone wrong • Abnormal form, abnormal function • Structural disorder >> functional disorder • Functional disorder >> structural disorder

  5. Some Introductory Terminology • Etiology – cause of a disease (pathogens, environment, genetics, etc.) • Idiopathic: cause unknown • Iatrogenic: result of medical treatment • Nosocomial: result of being in a hospital environment • Disease terminology • Acute: rapid onset, short-lived, distinct manifestations • Chronic: slow onset, long duration, indistinct manifestations • Remission: periods when signs/symptoms diminish • Exacerbation: periods when signs/symptoms worsen • Complication: onset of additional disease • Sequellae: events that result from disease or trauma

  6. More Introductory Terminology… • Clinical manifestations – evidence of disease • Signs: objective, measurable evidence of disease • Symptoms: patient-reported, subjective experiences • Prodrome: vague symptoms (insidious), prior to full-blown disease • Latent period (incubation): disease present, but no symptoms (subclinical since no evidence of disease yet) • Syndrome, e.g., AIDS, SIDS, ARDS: • Group (constellation) of symptoms that occur together • May be caused by several interrelated problems See your textbook on pp. 4-5 for terms on last three slides

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