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Chapter 5: Respiratory System. Medical terminology. Chapter 5 Abbreviations. BS CF COPD PE SIDS TB URI PCN. = breath sounds = cystic fibrosis = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease = pulmonary embolism = sudden infant death syndrome = tuberculosis
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Chapter 5: Respiratory System Medical terminology
Chapter 5 Abbreviations • BS • CF • COPD • PE • SIDS • TB • URI • PCN = breath sounds = cystic fibrosis = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease = pulmonary embolism = sudden infant death syndrome = tuberculosis = upper respiratory infection (common cold) = penicillin
Chapter 5 Abbreviations • ABG’s • CO2 • HHN • O2 • PF • Pulse ox • RT • SOB = arterial blood gases = carbon dioxide = hand held nebulizer = oxygen = peak flow = pulse oximetry = respiratory therapy = short of breath
Chapter 5 Abbreviations • DNR • DOA • I & D • T & A • VAT = do not resuscitate = dead on arrival = incision and drainage = tonsillectomy & adenoidectomy = video assisted thoracotomy
The Respiratory System • The Function • The exchange of O2 and CO2 between the atmosphere and body cells (called respiration or breathing) • Internal & External Respiration • Consists of nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs
The Respiratory System • Organs of the Respiratory System • Nose • Lined with mucous membrane and fine hairs; it acts as a filter to moisten and warm the entering air • Nasal Septum: partition separating the right and left nasal cavities • Paranasal sinuses: air cavities within the cranial bones that open into the nasal cavities • Pharynx • Serves as a food and air passageway (also called throat) • Air= nose, pharynx, larynx • Food=mouth, pharynx, esophagus
The Respiratory System • Adenoids: lymphoid tissue located behind the nasal cavity • Tonsils: lymphoid tissue located behind the mouth • Larynx • Locationof the vocal cords. Air enters from the pharynx (also called voice box) • Epiglottis: flap of cartilage that automatically covers the opening of and keeps food from entering the larynx during swallowing • Trachea • Passageway for air to the bronchi (also called windpipe)
The Respiratory System • Bronchus (pl. bronchi) • One of two branches from the trachea that conducts air into the lungs, where it divides and subdivides. The branching resemble a tree; therefore, they are referred to as a bronchial tree • Bronchioles: smallest subdivision of the tree • Alveolus (pl. alveoli): air sacs at the end of the bronchioles. O2 & CO2 are exchanged through the alveolar walls and the capillaries
The Respiratory System • Lungs • Two spongelike organs in the thoracic cavity. The right lung consists of three lobes, and the left lung has two lobes • Pleura • Double-folded serous membrane covering each lung and lining the thoracic cavity, which contains serous fluid
Word Parts for Respiratory System Combining Form Definition • adenoid/o • alveol/o • bronchi/o, bronch/o • diaphragmat/o, • epiglott/o • laryng/o • lob/o • nas/o, rhin/o • adenoids • alveolus • bronchus • diaphragm • epiglottis • larynx • lobe • nose
Word Parts forRespiratory System Combining Form Definition • pharyng/o • pleur/o • pneum/o, pneumon/o • pulmon/o • sept/o • sinus/o • thorac/o • tonsill/o • trache/o • pharynx • pleura • lung, air • lung • septum (wall of, fence) • sinus • thorax (chest) • tonsil • trachea
Word Parts Commonly Used with Respiratory System Combining Form Definition • atel/o • capn/o • hem/o, hemat/o • muc/o • orth/o • ox/i, ox/o • phon/o • py/o • spir/o • imperfect, incomplete • carbon dioxide • blood • mucus • straight • oxygen • sound, voice • pus • breathe, breathing
Word Parts forRespiratory System Prefix Definition • a-, an- • endo- • eu- • pan- • poly- • tachy- • absence of, without • within • normal, good • all, total • many, much • fast, rapid
Word Parts forRespiratory System Suffix Definition • -algia • -ar, -ary, -eal • -cele • -centesis • -ectasis • -emia • -graphy • pain • pertaining to • hernia or protrusion • surgical puncture to aspirate fluid (with a sterile needle) • stretching out, dilatation, expansion • blood condition • process of recording, radiographic imaging
Word Parts for Respiratory System Suffix Definition • -meter • -metry • -pexy • -pnea • -rrhagia • -scope • -scopic • -scopy • instrument used to measure • measurement • surgical fixation, suspension • breathing • rapid flow of blood • instrument used for visual examination • pertaining to visual examination • visual examination
Word Parts forRespiratory System Suffix Definition • -spasm • -stenosis • -stomy • -thorax • -tomy • sudden, involuntary muscle contraction • constriction or narrowing • creation of an artificial opening • chest • cut into or incision
Med Terms (from word parts)[Disease & Disorders] Term Definition • adenoiditis • alveolitis • atelectasis • bronchiectasis • bronchitis • bronchogenic carcinoma • bronchopneumonia • inflammation of the adenoids • inflammation of the alveolus • incomplete expansion (of the lung) • dilation of the bronchi • inflammation of the bronchi • cancerous tumor originating in a bronchus • diseased state of the bronchi and lungs (usually caused by infection)
Med Terms (from word parts)[Disease & Disorders] Term Definition • diaphragmatocele • epiglottitis • hemothorax • laryngitis • laryngotracheo-bronchitis (LTB) • lobar pneumonia • hernia of the diaphragm • inflammation of the epiglottis • blood in the chest (pleural space) • inflammation of the larynx • inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi • pertaining to the lobe(s); diseased state of the lung (infection of one or more lobes of the lungs)
Med Terms (from word parts)[Disease & Disorders] Term Definition • nasopharyngitis • pansinusitis • pharyngitis • pleuritis • pneumonia • inflammation of the nose and pharynx • inflammation of all sinuses • inflammation of the pharynx • inflammation of the pleura (pleurisy) • diseased state of the lung (the infection and inflammation are caused by bacteria such as Pneumococcus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, andHaemophilus; viruses; and fungi)
Med Terms (from word parts)[Disease & Disorders] Term Definition • pneumonitis • pneumothorax • pulmonary neoplasm • pyothorax • rhinitis • inflammation of the lung • air in the chest, which causes collapse of the lung (often a result of an open chest wound) • pertaining to (in) the lung, new growth • pus in the chest (pleural space) • inflammation of the (mucous) membranes (nose)
Med Terms (from word parts)[Disease & Disorders] Term Definition • rhinomycosis • rhinorrhagia • thoracalgia • tonsillitis • tracheitis • tracheostenosis • abnormal condition of fungus in the nose • rapid flow of blood from the nose (also called epistaxis) • pain in the chest • inflammation of the tonsils • inflammation of the trachea • narrowing of the trachea
Med Terms (not from word parts)[Disease & Disorders] Term Definition • asthma • chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) • respiratory disease characterized by paroxysms of coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath, which is caused by constriction of airways that is reversible between attacks • a progressive lung disease that restricts air flow, which makes breathing difficult. • Chronic bronchitis and emphysema are the two main components of COPD, but it may also be caused by chronic asthmatic bronchitis. Most COPD is a result of cigarette smoking
Med Terms (not from word parts)[Disease & Disorders] Term Definition • croup • epistaxis • influenza • condition resulting from acute obstruction of the larynx, characterized by a barking cough, hoarseness and stridor. • It may be caused by viral or bacterial infection, allergy, or foreign body. Mainly in children • nosebleed (rhinorrhagia) • highly infectious respiratory disease caused by a virus (also called flu)
Med Terms (not from word parts)[Disease & Disorders] Term Definition • obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) • pleural effusion • upper respiratory infection • repetitive pharyngeal collapse during sleep, which leads to absence of breathing; can produce daytime drowsiness and elevated blood pressure • fluid in the pleural space caused by a disease process or trauma • infection of the nasal cavity, pharynx, or larynx (commonly called a cold)
Med Terms (from word parts)[Surgical Terms] Term Definition • adenoidectomy • adenotome • bronchoplasty • laryngectomy • larynoplasty • laryngostomy • laryngotracheotomy • excision of the adenoids • surgical instrument used to cut the adenoids • surgical repair of a bronchus • excision of the larynx • surgical repair of the larynx • creation of an artificial opening into the larynx • incision of the larynx and trachea
Med Terms (from word parts)[Surgical Terms] Term Definition • lobectomy • pleuropexy • pneumonectomy • rhinoplasty • septoplasty • septotomy • sinusotomy • thoracocentesis • excision of a lobe (0f the lung) • surgical fixation of the pleura • excision of a lung • surgical repair of the nose • surgical repair of the (nasal) septum • incision into the (nasal) septum • incision of a sinus • surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from the chest cavity (thoracentesis)
Med Terms (from word parts)[Surgical Terms] Term Definition • thoracotomy • tonsillectomy • tracheoplasty • tracheostomy • tracheotomy • incision into the chest cavity • excision of the tonsils • surgical repair of the trachea • creation of an artificial opening into the trachea • incision of the trachea
Med Terms (from word parts)[Diagnostic Terms] Term Definition ENDOSCOPY • bronchoscope • bronchoscopy • endoscope • endoscopic • endoscopy • instrument used for visual examination of the bronchi • visual examination of the bronchi • instrument used for visual examination within (a hollow organ or body cavity) • pertaining to visual examination within (a hollow organ or body cavity) • used to describe the practice of performing surgeries that use endoscopes • visual examination within (a hollow organ or body cavity)
Med Terms (from word parts)[Diagnostic Terms] Term Definition • laryngoscope • laryngoscopy • thoracoscope • thoracoscopy • instrument used for visual examination of the larynx • visual examination of the larynx • instrument used for visual examination of the thorax • visual examination of the thorax
Med Terms (from word parts)[Diagnostic Terms] Term Definition PULMONARY FUNCTION • capnometer • oximeter • spirometer • spirometry • instrument used to measure carbon dioxide (levels in expired gas) • instrument used to measure oxygen (saturation in the blood) • instrument used to measure breathing (or lung volumes) • a measurement of breathing (or lung volumes
Med Terms (not from word parts)Diagnostic Terms Term Definition DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING • chest radiograph (CXR) PULMONARY FUNCTION • Arterial blood gases (ABG’s) • a radiographic image of the chest performed to evaluate the lungs and the heart (chest x-ray) • a test performed on arterial blood to determine levels of O2, CO2, and other gases present
Med Terms (not from word parts)[Diagnostic Terms] Term Definition • peak flow meter • pulse oximetry • a portable instrument used to measure how fast air can be pushed out of the lung • used to help monitor asthma and adjust medication accordingly • a noninvasive method of measuring oxygen in the blood by using a device that attaches to the fingertip
Med Terms (not from word parts)[Diagnostic Terms] Term Definition OTHER • auscultation • percussion • the act of listening for sounds within the body through a stethoscope. • Used for assessing and/or diagnosing conditions of the lungs, pleura, heart, and abdomen • the act of tapping of a body surface with the fingers to determine the density of the part beneath by the sound obtained • A dull sound indicates the presence of fluid in a body space or cavity such as in the pleural space
Med Terms (not from word parts)[Diagnostic Terms] Term Definition • stethoscope • an instrument used to hear internal body sounds; used for performing auscultation and blood pressure measurement
Med Terms (from word parts)[Complimentary Terms] Term Definition • acapnia • alveolar • anoxia • aphonia • apnea • bronchoalveolar • bronchospasm • diaphragmatic • condition of absence (less than normal level) of CO2 (in the blood) • pertaining to the alveolus • condition of absence of oxygen • condition of absence of voice • absence of breathing • pertaining to the bronchi & alveoli • spasmodic contraction in the bronchi • pertaining to the diaphragm (phrenic)
Med Terms (from word parts)[Complimentary Terms] Term Definition • dysphonia • dyspnea • endotracheal • eupnea • hypercapnia • hyperpnea • hypocapnia • hypopnea • hypoxemia • condition of difficult speaking • difficult breathing • pert. to within the trachea • normal breathing • condition of excessive CO2 (in the blood) • excessive breathing • condition of deficient CO2 (in the blood) • deficient breathing • condition of deficient O2 in the blood
Med Terms (from word parts)[Complimentary Terms] Term Definition • hypoxia • intrapleural • laryngeal • laryngospasm • mucoid • mucous • nasopharyngeal • orthopnea • condition of deficient O2 (to the tissues) • pert. to within the pleura • pert. to the larynx • spasmodic contraction of the larynx • resembling mucus • pert. to mucus • pert. to the nose and pharynx • able to breathe easier in a straight (upright) position
Med Terms (from word parts)[Complimentary Terms] Term Definition • pulmonary • pulmonologist • pulmonology • rhinorrhea • tachypnea • thoracic • pert. to the lungs • a physician who studies and treats diseases of the lung • study of the lung (a branch of medicine dealing with diseases of the lung) • discharge from the nose (as in a cold) • rapid breathing • pert. to the chest
Med Terms (not from word parts)[Complimentary Terms] Term Definition • airway • aspirate • bronchoconstrictor • bronchodilator • passageway by which air enters and leaves the lungs as well as a mechanical device used to keep the air passageway unobstructed • to withdraw fluid or suction fluid; also to draw foreign material into the respiratory tract • agent causing narrowing of the bronchi • agent causing the bronchi to widen
Med Terms (not from word parts)[Complimentary Terms] Term Definition • cough • hiccup • hyperventilation • hypoventilation • mucopurulent • sudden, noisy expulsion of air from the lungs • sudden catching of breath with a spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm (hiccough and singultus) • ventilation of the lungs beyond normal body needs • ventilation of the lungs that does not fulfill the body’s gas exchange needs • containing both mucus and pus
Med Terms (not from word parts)[Complimentary Terms] Term Definition • mucus • nebulizer • nosocomial infection • paroxysm • slimy fluid secreted by the mucous membranes • device that creates a mist used to deliver medication for giving respiratory treatment • an infection acquired during hospitalization • periodic, sudden attack
Med Terms (not from word parts)[Complimentary Terms] Term Definition • patent • sputum • ventilator • open, the opposite of closed or compromised, thus allowing passage of air, as in patent trachea and bronchi • can be applied to any tubular passageway in the body, as in a patent artery, allowing passage of blood) • mucous secretion from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea expelled through the mouth • mechanical device used to assist with or substitute for breathing
Med Terms (not from word parts)[Complimentary Terms] Term Definition • auscultatory • inhale • exhale • purulent • normal adult RR • pert. to auscultation • breathe in • breathe out • containing pus • 12-20 breaths per minute