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Biochemistry Notes

Biochemistry Notes. Elements and Atoms. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Atoms are the basic building blocks of all matter. Elements are basic substances that cannot be broken down into other substances.

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Biochemistry Notes

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  1. Biochemistry Notes

  2. Elements and Atoms • Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. • Atoms are the basic building blocks of all matter. • Elements are basic substances that cannot be broken down into other substances. • Molecules are formed by the joining of atoms of two or more elements.(smallest combination that cannot be divided without changing its chemical and physical properties) • Compoundsare composed of atoms of different elements chemically combined.

  3. Atoms • The center of an atom is called the nucleus. • Consists of three subatomic particles called: • Protons: positive charge • Neutrons: neutral/no charge • Electrons: negative charge • 1st level can hold 2 electrons • 2nd level can hold 8 electrons • 3rd level can hold 8 electrons

  4. Atomic Number: Protons Symbol Element Atomic Mass Number: Protons + Neutrons Periodic Table 12 Mg Magnesium 24.305 (Nucleus) QUESTION: What part of the atom gives the atom its mass??

  5. Protons Protons + Neutrons Periodic Table 12 Mg Magnesium 24.305 Protons = Electrons In a neutral atom

  6. Periodic Table 12 Mg Magnesium 24.305 Protons = Electrons = Neutrons = 12 12 24-12 = 12

  7. Bonding The sharing of electrons in order to become stable is called covalentbonding. (2 nonmetals)

  8. Periodic Table H H O Water

  9. Bonding + + - Water Covalent Bond

  10. Bonding • The gaining or losing of electrons in order to become stable is called ionic bonding. ( a metal with a nonmetal) http://www.dac.neu.edu/physics/b.maheswaran/phy1121/data/ch09/anim/anim0904.htm

  11. Bonding Sodium Chloride

  12. Bonding + - Sodium Chloride Ionic Bond

  13. Organic vs. Inorganic Notes

  14. Chemical Equations CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O Reactants Products CO2 +  H2O + LIGHT ENERGY   C6H12O6  + O2 Equation for Photosynthesis 6 6 6

  15. Inorganic Substances Not Containing Carbon • Acids: substances that forms hydrogen (H) hydrogen ions in water. pH of 0-7. • Bases: substance that forms hydroxide ions (OH) in water. pH scale of 7-14. • Salts: Inorganic substances that typically contain Chlorine. HCl NaOH NaCl H2SO4 MgCl2 KOH

  16. Organic Substances Molecule that is found in living systems; contains carbon; usually in rings or long chains

  17. Organic Substances • Carbohydrates: made up of simple sugars (saccharides)

  18. Nucleic Acids: made up of nucleotides

  19. Lipids: made up of a glycerol and at least 1 fatty acid

  20. Proteins: made up of amino acids

  21. Organic Carbohydrate Protein Lipid Nucleic Acid Inorganic Acid Base Salt

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