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Haiti under French Rule

Haiti under French Rule. Haiti before and during the Haitian Revolution. Haiti’s origins. Known as Saint Domingue The whole island, known as Hispaniola, was settled by the Spanish in the late 1400s.

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Haiti under French Rule

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  1. Haiti under French Rule Haiti before and during the Haitian Revolution

  2. Haiti’s origins • Known as Saint Domingue • The whole island, known as Hispaniola, was settled by the Spanish in the late 1400s. • The French convinced pirates to settle there and start sugar plantations as a way of making money

  3. Plantations • The sugar plantations made Haiti the most profitable and valuable colony! • It produced 40% of Europe’s sugar and 60% of Europe’s coffee • Had the second highest concentration of slaves • African slaves made up about 90% of Haiti’s population in the early 1800s.

  4. Social System White Planters – owned plantations and slaves Wealthy free people of color – 24,800 in the late 1700s. Served in the militia, owned plantations Poor Whites – artisans, laborers Slaves

  5. Change in France • King Louis XVI (who you remember had his head chopped off) abolished slavery

  6. Independence from France? • White planters want independence from France so they can create a democracy and govern Saint Domingue • May 1791, National Assembly gives French citizenship to all free men of color in Haiti • August 1791 – slave revolt breaks out in Saint Domingue

  7. Toussaint Louverture • One of the leaders of the slave revolt. • France was now fighting the Spanish, English, and slaves in Haiti… • Feb 4 1794 – France frees the slaves • Freedom and French citizenship for every slave in Haiti…until Napoleon

  8. Napoleon reinstates slavery • To fund his wars, Napoleon looks to the profitable and valuable Saint Domingue for money • Best way to make a profit? Had slaves work on plantations. • Napoleon reinstates slavery. • Toussaint Louverture arrested and sent to France, dies in prison

  9. Napoleon gives up • The Haitians destroyed the French troops stationed on the island, so Napoleon calls the surviving troops back • Saint Domingue declared independent, renamed to Haiti

  10. Why is Haiti important? • Second free country in the Americas (after the United States) • One of the most successful slave revolts EVER. • First modern nation to be governed by people of African descent • Destroyed Napoleon’s attempts at building a global empire

  11. Crash Course Video https://www.khanacademy.org/partner-content/crash-course1/crash-course-world-history/you-aint-the-boss-of-me/v/crash-course-world-history-30

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