How have family households in Scotland changed over time 2001 – 2011?

1. How have family households in Scotland changed over time 2001 – 2011? Clare Simpson Parenting across Scotland

2. Origins of the report • Evidence Request Bank • The evidence request

3. Households and families • Increase in number of households • single person households now most common type • households with children now a smaller proportion of total households • Lone parent households stable as a proportion of households but numbers have increased • Minority ethnic population up by percentage points

4. Households and families • Single person households • connectedness • intergenerational work • Households with dependent children tend to have fewer children • Minority ethnic households • larger numbers butconcentrated in certain areas • what do we know? • not homogeneous either in culture or needs

5. Family formation and dissolution • Levels of marriage relatively stable but cohabitation more common • Average age of getting married older • Average age of giving birth across population higher • Higher number of births to unmarried parents • Level of divorce lower

6. Family formation and dissolution • Average age of giving birth higher • but wide variation across demographic • grandparent care • Divorce lower • cohabitation • dissolution in cohabiting couples? • family shape

7. Children in need of care • Looked after children • 16,231 looked after children, an increase of 49% since 2001 • majority looked after at home, less staying in residential care • Kinship care • just over 1% of children in Scotland in kinship care arrangements • nearly four times as many in 2011 as in 2001

8. Children in need of care • Children and Young People (Scotland) 2014 • extension of duties to looked after children • prevention duty • kinship care orders • Grandparents • more grandmothers with long term health conditions looking after children • what are the implications • how do we best support?

9. Families affected by disability • 20% of people with a long-term health condition or disability • majority of those households did not contain dependent children • 136,625 households with dependent children • Carers – numbers remained stable but hours providing care increased • how do we best support unpaid carers? • how is this reflected in Carers (Scotland) Bill?

10. Families affected by disability • Lack of evidence and data around families affected by disability • more likely to be living in poverty, relationship breakdown rates higher, difficulties with work and childcare • how do we assess needs and respond? • Unpaid carers • increasing hours of unpaid care • implications for policy and practice

11. Parental working patterns • Differences in male/female work patterns • women far more likely to work part-time, especially true for women with children • lone mothers more likely to be in part-time work than lone fathers • Women still far more likely than men to be economically inactive because of looking after the home or family • Proportion of men undertaking this role increased from 1% to 3% over the period

12. Parental working patterns • Differences in male – female working patterns • what does this mean for how we support women to enter and remain in the labour market • childcare - Children and Young People (Scotland) Act 2014 and beyond • working practices? • Higher proportions of lone parents working • but what effect has recent policy changes had? • Lone fathers • how do we best support their needs?

13. What next? • As many questions as answers - if family shape is changing, are asking the right questions? • Gaps in evidence and data - what more do we need to know? • Further interrogation of data • Summaries and infographics?

14. Thank you • Evidence request bank • http://evidencerequestbank.org/ • Sarah Rodgers • Lesley Kelly • Lynn Jamieson • Karen Seditas