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3 Domains & 4 Kingdoms

3 Domains & 4 Kingdoms. Domain - Archea. Prokaryotes - “before nucleus” No organelles in their cell Live in extreme environments similar to those of the ancient Earth Hot springs Salt lakes Hydrothermic vents Glacier ice. Domain - Eukarya. Eukaryotes - “good nucleus”

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3 Domains & 4 Kingdoms

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  1. 3 Domains & 4 Kingdoms

  2. Domain - Archea • Prokaryotes - “before nucleus” • No organelles in their cell • Live in extreme environments similar to those of the ancient Earth • Hot springs • Salt lakes • Hydrothermic vents • Glacier ice

  3. Domain - Eukarya • Eukaryotes - “good nucleus” • Unicellular & multicellular • Divided in 4 Kingdoms

  4. Domain – Bacteria • Next Lesson Non-Living Virus • Next Lesson

  5. Kingdom - Animalia • Grouped by skeletal system • All multicellular • Heterotrophic • Vertebrates • Have a backbone • Ex. snake, elephant & bony fish • Invertebrates • Do not have a backbone • Ex. jelly fish, butterfly & worm Video animals

  6. Kingdom - Plantae Video wilting • Grouped by tubes system for transporting water • All multicellular • Autotrophic • Vascular • Have a well-developed tube system • Able to grow tall • Ex. fern, cactus & elm tree • Non-vascular • Lack well-developed tube system • Grow low to the ground • Ex. mosses & liverworts

  7. Kingdom - Plantae Video plant • Vascular is broken into: • Seedless • Gymnosperms • Angiosperms • Reproduce by • spores • Reproduce by seeds –no flowers or fruit • Reproduce by flowers and seeds in fruit

  8. Kingdom - Fungi Video fungi To understand Fungi better! • Hyphae • Multicellular forms for time threadlike tubes • Mycelium • Entire mass of hyphae • Feeding • Ezymes released and break down surrounding particles, small particles are absorbed by hyphae • Eat dead and/or live material • Decomposers and/ or parasites

  9. Kingdom - Fungi • Grouped by appearance of their reproductive structure • Most are multicellular • Heterotrophic (plants that do not make their own food- no chlorophyll, no photosynthesis) • Reproduce mainly by spores , called budding (asexual) • but can also reproduce sexually when hyphae meet • 3 main categories based on reproductive structure

  10. Kingdom - Fungi • 1) Sac • Ex. Yeast, truffles • 2) Club • Ex. Mushrooms, toad stools, puffballs, bracket fungi • 3) Zygote • Ex. Molds (like our bread mold), ringworm, athlete’s foot, some are antibiotics (penicillium), cheese making!

  11. Fungi and Bacteria- Symbiosis • Lichens • Both bacteria and fungi living mutually together

  12. Kingdom - Protista • Grouped by charactertistics they share with other kingdoms (often called the odds and ends kingdom) • Most are unicellular (but some multicellular) • Mainly heterotrophic (but some autotrophic) • Reproduction is mainly binary fission • Nuclues duplicates and cell pinches off into 2 daughter cells • 3 Main categories

  13. Kingdom - Protista Video Animal-like (protozoan) • heterotrophic • 4 categories • 3 based on movement- ciliates, flagellates and sarcodines • Examples: paramecium, giardia, and Amoeba • 1 parasite (different methods of movements) • Examples: plasmodium

  14. Kingdom - Protista Plant-like (algae) • mainly autotrophic • unicellular and multicellular • 4 categories • Algae example: red, green, brown • Euglenoids (can be both autotrophic and heterotrophic) example: euglena • diatoms (glass like cell walls) • dinoflagellates (hard shell with 1 flagellate)

  15. Kingdom - Protista Fungus-like • Heterotrophic • Unicellular sometimes becoming multicellular • reproduce by spores (asexual) • 2 categories • Slime molds (move, jelly like) • Water molds and Downy molds (wet moist environments, tiny threads)

  16. Domain - Bacteria Video- shape Most abundant organism on earth • Prokaryotes- no nucleus genetic material not contained in a nucleus • Few organelles in their cell • Cytoplasm, cell wall, • cell membrane, ribosomes, • and flagellum • Shapes • Round- cocci • Spiral – spirilla • Rods- bacilli

  17. Domain - Bacteria Video- reproduction • Reproduction – very quick under ideal conditions • Asexually- single cell splitting: binary fission • Sexual – 2 cells share genetic material: Conjugation treadlike bridge transfers some genetic material from one cell to another (then binary fission with different genetic material) • Endospore formation – protective shell, dormant bacterium goes into a “hibernation” • Movement – crawling, gliding, and using flagella • Growth - as a colony, not an individual cell

  18. Domain - Bacteria • 4 main categories: • Decomposers • Aerobic • Anaerobic • Pathogens • Autotrophic- sunlight and chemicals • Photosynthesis (different chlorophyll than plants) • Chemosynthesis (oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur) • Heterotrophic -respiration- breaking down food to get energy • Aerobic – with oxygen • Anaerobic- without oxygen

  19. Domain - Bacteria Video white blood cells • Can be helpful or Harmful • Most helpful (cheese, yogurt, yeast, decomposing, clean up environment , digestive system) • Some harmful: called pathogens (sickness, pneumonia, TB, strep throat)

  20. Virus – Non living Video • Virus- latin meaning “ Poison” • No cell structure (cellular organization) • No response to surroundings • Don’t have growth or development • Reproduction (only within a host cell) • Chemicals of life • Energy use (no respiration) Conclusion: Not living do not follow the 6 character tics of life and not classified the same way as living things (no binomial nomenclature!)

  21. Virus – Non living • Very very small, much smaller than bacteria • Affects all living things and can be transmitted • Can be dormant for years and then activate • Do not respond to antibotics • Very few vaccines (viruses mutate quickly) • Can attack specific cell types • Cold: respiratory cells, polio- nerve cells • Capsid- outer coat/shell made of protein (about 95% of the virus) • Inner core contains genetic material • Shapes: tube, robot, sphere, bullet, • Ex. Smallpox, colds, influenza, yellow fever

  22. Virus – Non living Video virus reproduction Reproduction • Active Virus 1) Attaches to the surface 2) Inject genetic material 3) Genetic material takes over the cell’s interior 4) Proteins assemble to new viruses 5) Cell bursts and releases more viruses • Hidden Virus 1) Attaches to the surface 2) Inject genetic material * genetic material becomes part of cell’s genetic material 3) After some time, genetic material takes over the cell’s interior 4) Proteins assemble to new viruses 5) Cell bursts and releases more viruses

  23. Bacteria versus Virus smaller than cells much smaller than bacteria living not living reproduces by itself must have host to reproduce (binary fission) (hi-jacking cell) organelles simple inner/outer active motion (flagella etc.) passive (contact) respiration (aerobic, anaerobic) no respiration responds to antibotics no cure Naming binomial nomenclature no naming system

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