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THE DOMAINS OF LIFE

THE DOMAINS OF LIFE. Compare/Contrast the “old” system of organizing animals into kingdoms and the new system that uses domains. Kingdoms. Domains. Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote. Unicellular Cells – one cell performs all essential functions for life.

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THE DOMAINS OF LIFE

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  1. THE DOMAINS OF LIFE

  2. Compare/Contrast the “old” system of organizing animals into kingdoms and the new system that uses domains Kingdoms Domains

  3. Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote

  4. Unicellular Cells – one cell performs all essential functions for life Variety of cell forms – depending on what that organism has evolved to do

  5. What is the major difference between unicellular and multicellular?

  6. Cell Specialization

  7. Cell Organization

  8. Organisms can be unicellular or multicellular amoeba bacteria dinoflagellate paramecium rod spirogyra euglena yeast spiral

  9. Cells within multicellular organisms organ xylem leaf Reproductive cells Cellular specialization Mushroom

  10. Cells within multicellular organisms Specialized cells form specialized tissues Hydra No organs Cross section of small intestine Small intestine Cells-tissues-organism

  11. Look carefully at the diagram above. Which pair of organisms below that has more in common: A: Bactrian Camel and Llama B: Bactrian camel and Dromedary C: Bactrian camel and sea star

  12. Ancestor of all animals-->

  13. Evolution of Animals What is an animal? All animals share key features: multicellular eukaryotic cells lack cell walls heterotrophic Embryonic Development --> Cell Specialization Most are motile (at some point in life cycle) Nervous and Muscle Tissue All can reproduce sexually

  14. Symmetry

  15. Germ Layers

  16. Embryonic Development

  17. Body systems must work together

  18. Body Systems must work together

  19. Organ Systems of Animals…

  20. Organ Systems Overview Nervous- relay electrical signals through the body; directs behavior, movement and physiological processes Circulatory- transport nutrients, gases (such as oxygen and CO2), hormones and wastes to/from cells Respiratory-provide gas exchange between the blood and the environment

  21. Organ Systems Overview Digestive-breakdown and absorb nutrients and eliminates undigested material Makes feces (poopy) Excretory-filter out cellular wastes, toxins and excess water or nutrients from the circulatory system; elimination of metabolic cellular waste products other than CO2 Makes urine (pee pee) Endocrine-relay chemical messages through the body (hormones)

  22. Organ Systems Overview Skeletal - support for the body, to protect delicate internal organs and to provide attachment sites for the organs. Reproductive-manufacture cells that allow reproduction

  23. Circulatory Systems Open vs. Closed circulatory system

  24. Closed circulatory system the blood is closed at all times within vessels of different size and wall thickness. blood is pumped by a heart through vessels, and does not normally fill body cavities Vertebrates, and a few invertebrates

  25. Open circulatory system pump blood into the body cavity with the blood diffusing back to the circulatory system between cells. Blood is pumped by a heart into the body cavities, where tissues are surrounded by the blood Present in crustaceans, insects, mollusks and other invertebrates

  26. About the nervous system ...are you nervous?! Notochord Vertebrae Spinal cord Nerve chord

  27. Nervous System Notochord supporting rod running most of the length of animals lies between the spinal cord and the gut the phylum Chordata are separated into “subphyla” based on the structure of the notochord and the time of life it is present

  28. Nervous System Spinal cord-the main pathway for information connecting the brain and the nervous system

  29. Nervous System Vertebrae- the individual bones in the flexible column of the spinal column

  30. Nervous System Nerve chord bundle of nerves that connect the brain to the major muscles and organs of the body above the notochord of a chordate

  31. Vertebrate: Has a backbone -fish, amphibians, repitiles, birds, mammals Invertebrate: Lacks a backbone -all other organisms; vastly outnumber vertebrates Hydrostatic skeleton: skeleton made of fluid-filled body segments that work with muscles to allow the animal to move Exoskeleton: external skelton; tough external covering that protects and supports the body of many invertebrates Endoskeleton: internal skeleton; structural support system within the body of an animal Vertebrate vs. Invertebrate

  32. Hydrostatic Skeleton Uses the pressure of fluid within a cavity in the organism and the surrounding layers of muscle tissue for shape and movement Used by annelids, cnidaria, nematodes, and echinoderms

  33. Exoskeleton Rigid structure found on outside of an organisms body Fulfills a set of functional roles including protection, excretion, sensing, support and feeding Found in Insect, Arachnids, and Crustaceans

  34. Endoskeleton Calcified structures found within an organism that aid in giving an organism shape and assisting in locomotion

  35. Sexual: high genetic diversity; usually two parents; sperm and egg Asexual: low genetic diversity; one parent; no sperm and egg Hermaphrodites: produce both sperm and egg Sexual vs. Asexual

  36. Major Animal Phyla

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