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Class Topics

Muscle Power Points Digestive System Oral cavity swallowing esophagus “Perplexity is the beginning of knowledge.” Kahlil Gibran. Title: Anat & Phys 2/22/07 . Class Topics. Objectives:. Friday, December 20, 2019 9:47 AM. Class Assignments. What. By When.

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Class Topics

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  1. Muscle Power Points Digestive System Oral cavity swallowing esophagus “Perplexity is the beginning of knowledge.” Kahlil Gibran . Title: Anat & Phys 2/22/07 Class Topics Objectives: Friday, December 20, 20199:47 AM

  2. Class Assignments What By When • Muscle Power Point 2/22/07 • Due this class period • Due next class period • Due in the future

  3. Coming up • Feb 26 • Complete notes of upper GI tract • Upper GI tract lab • Feb 28 • Upper GI tract quiz • Tour de Stomach • March 2 • Complete Tour de Stomach • Notes – Stomach, comparative anatomy with respect to digestion of cellulose (test essay topic)

  4. From: http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_20/27_22.GIF

  5. Steps of digestion • 1. Ingestion - place food in mouth • Conscious control • 2. Mechanical processing • mouth - chewing and tearing of food • mastication • stomach - churns food • 3. Digestion • breakdown of food into small organic particles • Glucose from carbs, amino acids from protein

  6. Steps of digestion • 4. Secretion • Enzymes, acids, saliva, buffers, bile • 5. Absorption • Movement of organic materials into cells • 6. Elimination • Defecation of wastes • Fiber moves you • coprophagy - eating feces - some types of rabbits

  7. Histological Organization • 1. Mucosa • inner lining of tract • secretes mucus • contains endocrine cells • releases into bloodstream, not tract • Highly folded - more surface area • microvilli - small projections to increase surface area • Cells renew every 2-6 days

  8. 2. Submucosa • Mainly connective tissue • Blood vessels carry away nutrients • Lymphatic vessels for immune response and fat transport • Exocrine glands • acids, buffers, enzymes • Nerves - autonomic control (unconscious)

  9. 3. Muscular • Smooth muscle • 2 layers • longitudinal • circular • Move articles by peristalsis

  10. 4. Serosa • Connective tissue • Outer protective covering

  11. Tongue • Helps in chewing • occasionally brings food into mouth • Sensory - Temperature, flavor, texture • Frenulum - midline flap of skin under tongue • Skeletal muscle

  12. Salivary Glands • Parotid • near zygomatic arch • watery saliva • Sublingual • floor of the mouth • Mostly mucus • Submandibular • Opens in frenulum • Mixture of watery and mucus secretions From: http://www.entassociates.com/salivary_glands.htm

  13. Teeth(per jaw) • Incisors (4) • blade shaped - used to tear food • Cuspids (2) • Pointed teeth - used to tear food • Bicuspids (4) • 2 points - used to tear and grind food • Molars (6) • 4 points - used for grinding • Last set called wisdom teeth From:http://www.sirinet.net/~jgjohnso/nutrition.html

  14. Teeth • 16 teeth per jaw - 32 total (adult) • Children - 20 teeth • decidious or primary • Covered in enamel (hardest material in the body) with dentin inside (second hardest material in the body)

  15. From: http://www.sirinet.net/~jgjohnso/nutrition.html

  16. Pharynx • Common region for air and food • Nasopharynx • region of the nasal cavity and pharynx • Oropharynx • region of the oral cavity and pharynx • Laryngopharynx • region of the larynx and pharynx From: http://www.sirinet.net/~jgjohnso/nutrition.html

  17. Swallowing • 1. Form a bolus against hard palate • soft palate raises to block nasopharynx • 2. Epiglottis folds over trachea • 3. Bolus pushed toward stomach through esophagus by parastaltic waves • takes 9 seconds to complete (average) • If too dry, secondary contractions push bolus down

  18. From:http://home.earthlink.net/~dayvdanls/IHP2.html From: http://www.sirinet.net/~jgjohnso/nutrition.html

  19. Esophagus • 24-30 cm • tube for transport • large folds in mucosa allow for a large bolus to pass • muscle tone keeps lumen shut • Sphincter at end called cardiac (lower esophagael) sphincter

  20. Cardiac Sphincter • Keeps material in stomach • heartburn - sphincter not closed • achalasia - sphincter doesn’t open • region of esophagael hernia

  21. Upper digestive tract lab • Make sure you use bone snips and work back along the tongue • Get physical with the cat - watch for teeth though!

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