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7A – Tissues and Transplants

7A – Tissues and Transplants. Overview of Topic. Human organs Plant organs Organ transplants Plant and Animal cells Using microscopes Specialised cells Body systems Cell division and MRS GREN. Organs of the Human body. Learning Objectives:

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7A – Tissues and Transplants

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  1. 7A – Tissues and Transplants

  2. Overview of Topic • Human organs • Plant organs • Organ transplants • Plant and Animal cells • Using microscopes • Specialised cells • Body systems • Cell division and MRS GREN

  3. Organs of the Human body • Learning Objectives: • Be able to label the positions of the lungs, heart, kidneys, liver, brain and stomach on a diagram • Describe what each organ does

  4. Identify the organs labelled in the diagram. brain heart skin lung stomach intestines muscle

  5. Organs • Write on the body where the following organs go... • Brain • Lungs • Heart • Kidneys • Liver • Stomach • Intestines

  6. Starter • Can you think of 7 main organs in our body??? • Here’s a clue... B____ L____ L____ K______ H____ S______ S____ and L____ I_________

  7. Organs and Organ Transplants • Objectives: • Be able to label a diagram of the human body with the main organs • Describe what each of the main organs does (its function) • Discuss organ transplants

  8. Organs • Brain • Lungs • Heart • Kidneys • Liver • Stomach • Large and Small Intestines

  9. Put the correct labels on your worksheetWhich organ is missing??

  10. What does each organ do? • Brain - • Heart - • Lungs - • Liver - • Stomach - • Kidneys - • Intestines -

  11. Organ Transplants • Sometimes people’s organs don’t work properly and they become ill. • If Doctors can’t fix the organs they may be able to replace them with artificial organs or with organs from someone else’s body. • When people die they can donate their organs so they can be used in other people’s bodies to make them better.

  12. Organ Transplants • The person who gives the organ is the donor • The person who gets the organ is the host • The donor and the host need to match each other to stop the body rejecting the new organ. Some people carry donor cards because they want to donate their organs.

  13. Which organs can be transplanted? • Corneas (part of your eye) • Lungs • Heart • Liver • Kidneys • Pancreas • Stomach The organs are kept cool to keep them in good condition and stop them decaying

  14. Animal and Plant cells • Learning Objectives: • Be able to label a plant and animal cell • Describe what each part of the cell does

  15. Living things are made up of tiny building blocks called cells. Each cell breathes, takes in food, gets rid of wastes, grows, reproduces and dies. A living thing can be just one cell or millions of cells. Big living things don’t have bigger cells they just have more cells. Amazingly, the human body has more than 10,000,000,000,000 (that’s 10 million million) cells! Think about the size of your little toe. It has about 2 or 3 thousand million cells! That’s a lot of cells to make one toe, so cells must be very, very, very small.

  16. What is a cell? animal cell plant cell nucleus cytoplasm cell membrane Animal and plant cells come in different shapes and sizes, but they all have three basic features. Plant cells also have some extra features that make them different to animal cells.

  17. Animal cell Nucleus – controls the cell (like a brain) Cell Membrane – controls what goes in and comes out of the cell Cytoplasm- jelly substance, useful chemical reactions happen in here

  18. Plant cells Cell Wall Starch Grains Cytoplasm Chloroplast (contains chlorophyll) Vacuole (filled with cell sap) Cell Membrane Nucleus Chloroplasts – capture sunlight to convert to food Cell Wall – gives the cell a rigid shape

  19. 4) 1) 2) 5) 3) 6) Plant cells vs. Animal cells Only plant cells have these: Both types of cell have these: Cell wall – provides support Cytoplasm - this is where the reactions happen Nucleus – The “brain” of the cell Chloroplasts – contain chlorophyll Cell Membrane – holds the cell together Large Vacuole – contains sap

  20. Questions • Name a part of a cell that both plants and animals have • What is the vacuole for? • What is the cell wall for? • What happens in the cytoplasm? • What keeps all the cytoplasm inside the cell? • What would happen to a plant if it didn’t have any chloroplasts?

  21. Each of the following sentences has at least one mistake in it. Rewrite each one, correcting the mistakes. • A) The vacuole contains a substance called cytoplasm. • B) Animal cells have a cell wall, a nucleus and cytoclasm. • C) Chloroform is a green substance found in chloroplasts. • D) A cell is held together by a cell surface counterpane. • E) The cell wall is used for storage. • F) The cytoplasm controls the cell.

  22. Animal cell Nucleus Cell Membrane Cytoplasm

  23. Plant cells Cell Wall Starch Grains Cytoplasm Chloroplast (contains chlorophyll) Vacuole (filled with cell sap) Cell Membrane Nucleus

  24. Using Microscopes • Learning Objectives: • Learn how to use the microscope • Look at some cells under the microscope and draw them

  25. Microscopes • Cells could not have been discovered without the invention of the microscope. • “micro-” means” small”, • “-scope” means “looking at”. • A microscope allows us to look at very small things by making them seem bigger. It magnifies tiny details and makes them visible to the human eye.

  26. Label the microscope A __________________ B ____________________ C ____________________ D ____________________ E ____________________ F ____________________ G ____________________

  27. Looking at onion cells • Peel a very thin layer of onion skin off • Place it on a microscope slide • Add a few drops of iodine solution • Put a cover slip over it • Place it under the microscope to view it • Draw what you can see

  28. Specialised Cells • Learning Objectives: • Name some specialised cells in plants and animals • Describe how these specialised cells are adapted for their function

  29. Specialised cells Not all cells look the same, some have to do a special job so they change (adapt) to do this job. Cells we need to know about are: In animalsIn Plants • Ciliated epithelial cell 1. Root hair cell • Muscle cell 2. Palisade cell 3. Nerve cell 3. Xylem cell

  30. Specialised animal cells • Ciliated epithelial cell 2. Muscle cell Elongated. Can contract and stretch to allow movement. 3. Nerve cell Long and thin. Form connections with other nerve cells. Carry signals from the brain.

  31. Specialised plant cells • Root hair cell 2. Palisade cell 3. Xylem cell

  32. Systems of the body • Learning Objectives: • Describe how the body is organised from cells to tissues to organs to systems • Explain what a body system is and give an example of one in the human body

  33. How is the body organised? To understand how the body is organised, think about how a school is organised.. A school needs to be very organised. Every pupil in the school needs to know where they should be and what they are doing. However... Not all pupils study the same subjects. Not all pupils can work together efficiently. There is not room for all the pupils to be in the same place.

  34. How is the body organised? A school is made up of an organised system. cell Individual pupil Registration group tissue Subject class organ organ system Year group School organism

  35. How is the body organised? • Living things are made up of organisedsystems. • Each specific cell is grouped with cells similar to them in structure and function to form a tissue. • The tissues then go on to form organs. cells tissue

  36. cell tissue organ How is the body organised? Groups of similar cells work together to form tissues. Groups of tissues work together to form organs. Cells are the basic units of life.

  37. How is the body organised? Groups of organs form systems. For example, the human digestive system is made up of several organs including the mouth, gullet, stomach and small intestine. The different organs in a system are linked together by tubes or vessels. What other human body systems can you think of?

  38. Organ Systems • Our body has lots of organs inside it to help it work properly. The 6 main organ systems that help our bodies work are: • 1 – Respiratory System • 2 – Circulatory System • 3 – Digestive System • 4 – Excretory System • 5 – Nervous system • 6 – Reproductive System

  39. Respiratory System • Main Organs: Lungs, trachea • What does it do? • We breathe in and out to get oxygen, this oxygen is needed by our body to keep us alive.

  40. Circulatory System • Main Organs: Heart and blood vessels • What does it do? • The heart pumps blood all around the body through the blood vessels. • The blood carries important substances around the body e.g oxygen and food.

  41. Digestive System • Main Organs: Stomach and intestines • What does it do? • It digests food into really small pieces so our body can get the energy from it. Oesophagus

  42. Excretory System • Main Organs: Kidneys and Liver • What does it do? • Our kidneys filter our blood and remove any waste products from it. • Our liver breaks down harmful substances in our body. • Any waste is excreted by sweating, urine or faeces.

  43. Nervous System • Main Organs: Brain, spinal cord and nerves • What does it do? • The brain controls the nervous system • Nerve signals are sent along the nerves all over the body • They pass on the messages from the brain to the body

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