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THREE WORLDS COLLIDE

Early European exploration and colonization brought about massive population shifts as people from Europe and Africa relocated to the New World. The quest for new territories led to the Columbian Exchange, the global exchange of goods and ideas that reshaped societies. The European expansion sparked commercial growth and facilitated the exchange of agricultural products between the Americas and Europe, fostering economic development. Moreover, colonization paved the way for the establishment of representative governments and a growing acceptance of religious tolerance, shaping the future of these emerging societies.

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THREE WORLDS COLLIDE

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  1. THREE WORLDS COLLIDE European Exploration and Colonization

  2. “And cheerfully at sea, successes you still entice, to get the pearle and gold, and ours to hold, Virginia, Earth’s onely paradise.” To the Virginia Voyage Michael Drayton

  3. Timeline of Events 20,000 B.C. • Asian peoples begin migrating to American across the Beringia land bridge • 5000 B.C. • Corn is raised as a domesticated crop in central Mexico • 1200 B.C. • Olmec society develops in what is now southern Mexico

  4. Timeline of Events • 1020 B.C. • Israel becomes a kingdom • 753 B.C. • Rome is founded • 500 B.C. • Adena culture begins building large earthen mounds in what is now southern Ohio

  5. Timeline of Events • 200 B.C.- 400 A.D. • Hopewell culture flourishes in the Midwest • 622 • The prophet Muhammad founds Islam • 1000 • Viking Leif Ericson reaches what is now Newfoundland • 1096 • The Crusades begin

  6. Timeline of Events • 1215 • Magna Carta granted by King John • 1434 • Portuguese begin West African slave trade • 1440 • Johann Gutenberg develops the printing press • 1485 • Beginning of Tudor Dynasty in England

  7. Timeline of Events • 1486 • Portuguese sail around the Africa Cape • 1492 • Columbus reaches the New World • c. 1500 • Iroquois League is formed • 1509 • Accession of Henry VIII in England

  8. Timeline of Events • 1517 • Martin Luther begins Protestant Revolution • 1519-1521 • Magellan’s voyage around the world • 1521 • Hernando Cortes conquers the Aztec Empire • 1534 • English Church separates from the Roman Catholic Church

  9. Timeline of Events • 1535 • First edition of John Calvin’s Institutes published • 1540 • Coronado explores the American southwest • 1543-1625 • Copernicus to Galileo: new theory of the universe • 1558 • Queen Elizabeth becomes ruler of England

  10. Timeline of Events • 1565 • Spanish settlers establish Saint Augustine, Florida • 1577-1580 • Drake’s voyage around the world • 1585 • Raleigh’s colony at Roanoke Island • 1588 • English defeat of the Spanish Armada

  11. Timeline of Events • 1603-1625 • James I, first of the Stuart kings • 1607 • Settlement at Jamestown, Virginia • 1618 • The Thirty Years War between Catholics and Protestants begins in central Europe • 1619 • Virginia House of Burgesses meets

  12. Timeline of Events • 1620 • English “Pilgrims” found Plymouth Colony • 1630 • Settlement of Massachusetts Bay by Puritans • 1634 • First settlement in Maryland and Connecticut • 1636 • Roger Williams founds Rhode Island • Founding of Harvard College

  13. Timeline of Events • 1640-1647 • Puritan Revolution and English Civil War • 1643 • New England Confederation • 1644 • Roger Williams attacks intolerance • 1651 • English Parliament pass first of the Navigation Acts

  14. Timeline of Events • 1653-1658 • Oliver Cromwell lord Protector of England • 1657 • Persecution of Quakers in New England • 1660 • Dutch settles establish Cape Town in South Africa • 1660-1685 • Charles II King of England, English monarchy restored

  15. Timeline of Events • 1663 • Carolina granted to proprietors • 1664 • England takes New Amsterdam from the Dutch • 1676 • Bacon’s Rebellion in Virginia • 1681 • William Penn receives charter for Pennsylvania

  16. Timeline of Events • 1682 • Pennsylvania founded • 1685 • James II becomes king • 1686 • James II creates the Dominion of New England • 1687 • Isaac Newton demonstrates laws of motion

  17. Timeline of Events • 1688 • Glorious Revolution in England • 1689 • John Locke’s works on government and philosophy published • 1691 • Witchcraft mania at peak in Salem, Massachusetts • 1693 • College of William and Mary established

  18. Timeline of Events • 1704 • First American newspaper published in Boston • 1707 • Act of Union unites England and Wales with Scotland to form Great Britain • 1710 • John Wise defends congregational liberty • 1714 • Tea is introduced into the colonies

  19. Timeline of Events • 1732 • Founding of Georgia • 1733 • First issue of Franklin’s Poor Richard’s Almanack • 1734 • Great Awakening begins • 1747 • Benjamin Franklin experiments with electricity

  20. Timeline of Events • 1754 • Jonathan Edwards’s major philosophical work published • 1768 • American Philosophical Society founded

  21. Exploration and Colonization • Early European exploration and colonization resulted in the redistribution of the world's population as millions of people from Europe and Africa voluntarily and involuntarily moved to the New World.

  22. Exploration and colonization • Exploration and colonization initiated worldwide commercial expansion as agricultural products were exchanged between the Americas and Europe. This came to be known as the Columbian Exchange. • In time, colonization led to ideas of representative government and religious toleration that over several centuries would inspire similar transformations in other parts of the world.

  23. Columbian exchange The global transfer of living things

  24. Triangular trade • The exchange of goods, gold and people

  25. Settling the new world • New England was settled by Puritans seeking freedom from religious persecution in Europe. They formed a “covenant community” based on the principles of the Mayflower Compact and Puritan religious beliefs and were often intolerant of those not sharing their religion. They also sought economic opportunity and practiced a form of direct democracy through town meetings.

  26. New England puritans

  27. New England puritans

  28. Mayflower compact

  29. Middle Atlantic region • The Middle Atlantic region was settled chiefly by English, Dutch, and German-speaking immigrants seeking religious freedom and economic opportunity.

  30. Founders of Colonies William Penn Cecilius Calvert, Lord Baltimore

  31. Virginia and the Southern Colonies • Virginia and the other Southern colonies were settled by people seeking economic opportunities. • The early Virginia “cavaliers” were English nobility who received large land grants in eastern Virginia from the King of England

  32. Virginia and the Southern Colonies • Poor English immigrants also came seeking better lives as small farmers or artisans and settled in the Shenandoah Valley or western Virginia, or as indentured servants who agreed to work on tobacco plantations for a period of time to pay for passage to the New World.

  33. Indentured Servants

  34. Jamestown • Jamestown, established in 1607 by the Virginia Company of London as a business venture, was the first permanent English settlement in North America.

  35. The House of Burgesses • The Virginia House of Burgesses, established by 1619, was the first elected assembly in the New World. • It has operated continuously and is today known as the General Assembly of Virginia.

  36. Three Worlds Collide • Interactions among Europeans, Africans and American Indians (First Americans)

  37. Native American Relations • The explorations and settlements of the English in the American colonies and Spanish in the Caribbean, Central America, and South America, often led to violent conflicts with the American Indians (First Americans). • The Indians lost their traditional territories and fell victim to diseases carried from Europe.

  38. Native American Relations

  39. Native American Relations • By contrast, French exploration of Canada did not lead to large-scale immigration from France. • Relations with native peoples were often more cooperative.

  40. Beginning of Slavery • The growth of an agricultural economy based on large landholdings in the Southern colonies and in the Caribbean led to the introduction of slavery in the New World. • The first Africans were brought against their will to Jamestown in 1619 to work on tobacco plantations.

  41. Beginning of Slavery

  42. Beginning of Slavery

  43. Slavery • Economic institutions in the colonies developed in ways that were either typically European or were distinctively American, as climate, soil conditions, and other natural resources shaped regional economic development.  • The African slave trade and the development of a slave labor system in many of the colonies resulted from plantation economies and labor shortages.

  44. Slavery

  45. New England Economy • The New England colonies developed an economy based on shipbuilding, fishing, lumbering, small-scale subsistence farming, and eventually, manufacturing. • The colonies prospered, reflecting the Puritans’ strong belief in the values of hard work and thrift.

  46. New England Economy

  47. Middle Colonies Economy • The middle colonies of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware developed economies based on shipbuilding, small-scale farming, and trading. • Cities such as New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore began to grow as seaports and commercial centers.

  48. Middle Colonies Economy

  49. Virginia & The South’s Economy • Virginia and the other Southern colonies developed economies in the eastern coastal lowlands based on large plantations that grew “cash crops” such as tobacco, rice, and indigo for export to Europe. • Farther inland, however, in the mountains and valleys of the Appalachian foothills, the economy was based on small-scale subsistence farming, hunting, and trading. • A strong belief in private owner-ship of property and free enterprise characterized colonial life.

  50. Tobacco, Rice, and Indigo

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