Three Worlds Collide on North America

1. Three Worlds Collide on North America Unit 1: Transatlantic Encounters and Colonial Beginnings to 1754 APUSH Mrs. Baker

2. American Societies Pre-Contact

3. Mesoamerican Civilizations • Many archeologists believe that the first people to settle North American arrived as much as 40,000 years ago. • Waves of migrants from Asia crossed the land bridge • Connected Serbia and Alaska • Now submerged in the Bering Sea • Successive generations migrated southward from the Arctic Circle to the southern tip of South America. • First Americans – Native Americans – adapted to varied environments of the region that they found. • Divided into hundreds of tribes, spoke different languages, and practiced different cultures.

4. Bering Strait Land Bridge & Migration

5. Mayans & Aztecs

6. Mayans, Aztecs, & Incas

7. Natives of North America

8. Societies Clash on the New World:Political, Social, & Economic Structure

9. The Age of New World Exploration

10. Discovering and Exploring the New World

11. Columbus Discovers a New World

12. Impact of Columbus What was the impact of the Columbian Exchange?

13. Settling the New World Spain England France Dutch

14. Dividing the New World • Spain and Portugal were the first kingdoms to lay claim to territories in the New World. • Catholic monarchs in both countries turned to the pope in Rome to help settle their dispute over the ownership of newly discovered land. • 1493 – pope drew a vertical, north-south line on a world map. • Gave Spain all lands to the west of the line • Portugal received all lands to the east • Treaty of Tordesillas – signed in 1494 • Resulted in: Portuguese claim to Brazil and Spain claimed the rest of America. • Other European nations soon challenged the claims.

15. What does this decision demonstrate about the views of Europeans towards other cultures during this time?

16. Europe Settles the New World

17. Spanish Exploration and Conquest • Spanish power in the New World resulted from the efforts of explores and conquerors (conquistadores). • Results of Spanish exploration: • Conquest of the Atzecs in Mexico by Hernan Cortes • Conquest of the Incas in Peru by Francisco Pizzaro • Shipment of gold and silver back to Spain • Gold supply increased by over 500% • Spain became richest and most powerful nation in Europe. • Creation of encomienda system where Indians were forced to farm or work in the mines.

18. French Claims • Attempted to discover a Northwest Passage to Asia. • Passage was never discovered but… • Giovanni da Verrazano explored part of the eastern coast of North America, including New York harbor • French claims in North America resulted from the voyages of Jacques Cartier. • Explored the St. Lawrence River region extensively • French were slow to develop colonies • First permanent establishment was founded by Samuel de Champlain in 1608 at Quebec. • Main focus = • Creating trading posts and spreading Christianity.

19. Searching for a Route to China and India

20. Dutch Claims • During 1600s, Dutch hired Henry Hudson to seek a Northwest Passage. • 1609, Hudson discovered the Hudson River. • Expedition established Dutch claims to the surrounding area that would become New Amsterdam. • Later known as New York. • Dutch West India Company, a private joint stock company, was given the privilege of taking control of the region for economic gain.

21. English Claims • Earliest claims came as a result of the voyages of John Cabot. • Explored the coast of Newfoundland in 1497. • England did not follow up the discoveries with other expeditions. • 1587 – Sir Walter Raleigh attempted to establish a settlement off the coast of North Carolina on Roanoke Island. • Settlement failed.