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Enhancing Wind Observations for Global Weather Prediction

Explore the importance of wind measurements for meteorology and the challenges faced in current global observing systems. Learn about the initiatives and visions of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) for improving wind data collection for Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP).

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Enhancing Wind Observations for Global Weather Prediction

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  1. Wind Observations in the Global Observing System – a WMO PerspectiveLidar Working Group Meeting, Miami, Feb 8-9 2011 Lars Peter Riishojgaard, Chair CBS OPAG-IOS and Jerome Lafeuille, Observing Systems Division, WMO

  2. Outline • Mass and wind in the Global Observing System • WMO, WWW and the GOS • The WMO Rolling Requirements Review • CBS, OPAG-IOS, Expert Teams, Workshops • WMO Vision for the GOS in 2025 Lidar Working Group, Miami, Feb 8-9 2011

  3. Upper-air observation requirements for NWP • Numerical weather prediction requires independent and global observations of the mass (temperature) and wind fields • The global three-dimensional mass field is well observed from space • No existing space-based observing system provides vertically resolved wind information => horizontal coverage of wind profiles is sparse • The lack of wind measurements is widely believed to be one of the main limiting factors for progress in NWP skill at all temporal ranges • Especially critical as we progress to smaller and smaller scales where wind/mass balance assumptions break down

  4. Current Upper Air Mass & Wind Data Coverage Vertically resolved Mass Observations Vertically resolved Wind Observations

  5. WMO, WWW and the GOS • WMO: World Meteorological Organization; a specialized agency of the United Nations; the UN system's authoritative voice on meteorology, climatology, hydrology • WWW, World Weather Watch: Core WMO programme since 1963; observing systems, information systems and telecommunication facilities, and data-processing and forecasting centres; backbone for efficient meteorological and hydrological services, worldwide • Key WWW components: • GTS; Global Telecommunications System • GOS; Global Observing System Lidar Working Group, Miami, Feb 8-9 2011

  6. WMO Global Observing System • Coordinated system of methods and facilities for making meteorological and other environmental observations on a global scale in support of all WMO Programmes • Surface stations • Upper-air network • Marine observations • Aircraft • Satellite systems • Owned and operated by WMO member states on behalf of WMO; subject to WMO Regulatory Materials • Rolling Requirements Review: WMO process for capturing and vetting requirements for the GOS Lidar Working Group, Miami, Feb 8-9 2011

  7. The Rolling Requirements Review (RRR) in the WMO structure • Commission for Basic Systems; one of eight WMO Technical Commissions. President: Fred Branski, NOAA/NWS • … • OPAG for the Integrated Observing System; one of four OPAGs under CBS. Chair: L. P. Riishojgaard, JCSDA • … • Expert Team on the Evolution of the Global Observing System; one of six Expert Teams under OPAG-IOS. Chair: John Eyre, Met Office • Requirements database (by application area) for Global NWP, Regional NWP, Nowcasting, Agrometeorology, etc. • Capabilities database (by observing system), e.g. RAOBS, GEO imagers, AMDAR, buoys, etc. • Gap analysis; Statements of Guidance • Implementation plan • Vision for the GOS in 2025 Lidar Working Group, Miami, Feb 8-9 2011

  8. RRR (I) • ET-EGOS • Meets once a year in Geneva • Responsible for all requirements, all application areas • Interacts with other CBS Expert Teams, teams from other WMO Technical Commissions and co-sponsored programs (e.g. GCOS) • WMO Rapporteur on Scientific Evaluation of Impact Studies (formerly Rapporteur on OSEs and OSSEs) • Responsible for gathering community input specifically on NWP • WMO Workshop on the Impact of Various Observing Systems on NWP • Every four years, by invitation only, organized by Rapporteur on SEIS and OPAG-IOS • All major NWP Centers meet to compare impacts of all major elements of the GOS • OSEs and adjoint sensitivity diagnostics • (Next Workshop: May 29 – June 1, 2012 in the US; venue TBD) Lidar Working Group, Miami, Feb 8-9 2011

  9. The GOS evolution process Long-term vision of the GOS Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Gap analysis Implementation Plan Members’ Space Agencies programmes Lidar Working Group, Miami, Feb 8-9 2011

  10. RRR (II) • ET-EGOS consolidates input on Requirements from all sources into output documents (e.g. Vision, Implementation Plan) • Routing: • ET-EGOS  OPAG-IOS  CBS  WMO EC • Once adopted by the WMO Executive Council, the material becomes official WMO documents Lidar Working Group, Miami, Feb 8-9 2011

  11. Long-term vision for the Global Observing System • Vision for the GOS in 2025 endorsed by WMO Executive Council on 11/06/09 • Provides high-level guidance for global observation planning • Framework for WMO Members to commit on contributing missions • Calls for major enhancement of the space component • Geostationary, polar-orbit and other orbits as appropriate • Transition of several missions from R&D to operational status(Altimetry, GPS radio-occultation, scatterometry, chemistry) • Operational pathfinders Lidar Working Group, Miami, Feb 8-9 2011

  12. Observations performed so far on a R&D basis should be planned on an operational basis Integrating new missions Vision for the GOS in 2025 (space component)Summary of missions called for on operational basis • Core operational GEO missions • All with IR hyperspectral sounding, lightning detection • Core operational LEO Imagery and IR-MW sounding • All with hyperspectral IR, on 3 sun-synchronous orbital planes • Ocean surface topography • Radio-Occultation Sounding • Ocean Surface Wind • Global Precipitation • Earth Radiation Budget • Atmospheric Composition • Special imaging for ocean colour, vegetation • Dual-angle view IR imagery • Land Surface Imaging • Synthetic Aperture Radar • Space Weather instruments Lidar Working Group, Miami, Feb 8-9 2011

  13. Vision of the space-based GOS to 2025Operational pathfinders and demonstrators Lidar Working Group, Miami, Feb 8-9 2011

  14. Summary • As of June 2009, space-based wind lidars as operational pathfinders are part of the official WMO Vision for the Global Observing System 2025 • This means that the heads of the National Meteorogical and Hydrological Services of the WMO member states have signed off on this • WMO does not own or implement satellite systems • Requirements, performance databases and gap analysis lead to implementation plan and vision • Can act as a forcing function on national and international implementation plans Lidar Working Group, Miami, Feb 8-9 2011

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