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Lars Peter Riishojgaard, Chair CBS OPAG-IOS and Jerome Lafeuille, Observing Systems Division, WMO

Wind Observations in the Global Observing System – a WMO Perspective Lidar Working Group Meeting, Miami, Feb 8-9 2011. Lars Peter Riishojgaard, Chair CBS OPAG-IOS and Jerome Lafeuille, Observing Systems Division, WMO. Outline. Mass and wind in the Global Observing System WMO, WWW and the GOS

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Lars Peter Riishojgaard, Chair CBS OPAG-IOS and Jerome Lafeuille, Observing Systems Division, WMO

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  1. Wind Observations in the Global Observing System – a WMO PerspectiveLidar Working Group Meeting, Miami, Feb 8-9 2011 Lars Peter Riishojgaard, Chair CBS OPAG-IOS and Jerome Lafeuille, Observing Systems Division, WMO

  2. Outline • Mass and wind in the Global Observing System • WMO, WWW and the GOS • The WMO Rolling Requirements Review • CBS, OPAG-IOS, Expert Teams, Workshops • WMO Vision for the GOS in 2025 Lidar Working Group, Miami, Feb 8-9 2011

  3. Upper-air observation requirements for NWP • Numerical weather prediction requires independent and global observations of the mass (temperature) and wind fields • The global three-dimensional mass field is well observed from space • No existing space-based observing system provides vertically resolved wind information => horizontal coverage of wind profiles is sparse • The lack of wind measurements is widely believed to be one of the main limiting factors for progress in NWP skill at all temporal ranges • Especially critical as we progress to smaller and smaller scales where wind/mass balance assumptions break down

  4. Current Upper Air Mass & Wind Data Coverage Vertically resolved Mass Observations Vertically resolved Wind Observations

  5. WMO, WWW and the GOS • WMO: World Meteorological Organization; a specialized agency of the United Nations; the UN system's authoritative voice on meteorology, climatology, hydrology • WWW, World Weather Watch: Core WMO programme since 1963; observing systems, information systems and telecommunication facilities, and data-processing and forecasting centres; backbone for efficient meteorological and hydrological services, worldwide • Key WWW components: • GTS; Global Telecommunications System • GOS; Global Observing System Lidar Working Group, Miami, Feb 8-9 2011

  6. WMO Global Observing System • Coordinated system of methods and facilities for making meteorological and other environmental observations on a global scale in support of all WMO Programmes • Surface stations • Upper-air network • Marine observations • Aircraft • Satellite systems • Owned and operated by WMO member states on behalf of WMO; subject to WMO Regulatory Materials • Rolling Requirements Review: WMO process for capturing and vetting requirements for the GOS Lidar Working Group, Miami, Feb 8-9 2011

  7. The Rolling Requirements Review (RRR) in the WMO structure • Commission for Basic Systems; one of eight WMO Technical Commissions. President: Fred Branski, NOAA/NWS • … • OPAG for the Integrated Observing System; one of four OPAGs under CBS. Chair: L. P. Riishojgaard, JCSDA • … • Expert Team on the Evolution of the Global Observing System; one of six Expert Teams under OPAG-IOS. Chair: John Eyre, Met Office • Requirements database (by application area) for Global NWP, Regional NWP, Nowcasting, Agrometeorology, etc. • Capabilities database (by observing system), e.g. RAOBS, GEO imagers, AMDAR, buoys, etc. • Gap analysis; Statements of Guidance • Implementation plan • Vision for the GOS in 2025 Lidar Working Group, Miami, Feb 8-9 2011

  8. RRR (I) • ET-EGOS • Meets once a year in Geneva • Responsible for all requirements, all application areas • Interacts with other CBS Expert Teams, teams from other WMO Technical Commissions and co-sponsored programs (e.g. GCOS) • WMO Rapporteur on Scientific Evaluation of Impact Studies (formerly Rapporteur on OSEs and OSSEs) • Responsible for gathering community input specifically on NWP • WMO Workshop on the Impact of Various Observing Systems on NWP • Every four years, by invitation only, organized by Rapporteur on SEIS and OPAG-IOS • All major NWP Centers meet to compare impacts of all major elements of the GOS • OSEs and adjoint sensitivity diagnostics • (Next Workshop: May 29 – June 1, 2012 in the US; venue TBD) Lidar Working Group, Miami, Feb 8-9 2011

  9. The GOS evolution process Long-term vision of the GOS Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Gap analysis Implementation Plan Members’ Space Agencies programmes Lidar Working Group, Miami, Feb 8-9 2011

  10. RRR (II) • ET-EGOS consolidates input on Requirements from all sources into output documents (e.g. Vision, Implementation Plan) • Routing: • ET-EGOS  OPAG-IOS  CBS  WMO EC • Once adopted by the WMO Executive Council, the material becomes official WMO documents Lidar Working Group, Miami, Feb 8-9 2011

  11. Long-term vision for the Global Observing System • Vision for the GOS in 2025 endorsed by WMO Executive Council on 11/06/09 • Provides high-level guidance for global observation planning • Framework for WMO Members to commit on contributing missions • Calls for major enhancement of the space component • Geostationary, polar-orbit and other orbits as appropriate • Transition of several missions from R&D to operational status(Altimetry, GPS radio-occultation, scatterometry, chemistry) • Operational pathfinders Lidar Working Group, Miami, Feb 8-9 2011

  12. Observations performed so far on a R&D basis should be planned on an operational basis Integrating new missions Vision for the GOS in 2025 (space component)Summary of missions called for on operational basis • Core operational GEO missions • All with IR hyperspectral sounding, lightning detection • Core operational LEO Imagery and IR-MW sounding • All with hyperspectral IR, on 3 sun-synchronous orbital planes • Ocean surface topography • Radio-Occultation Sounding • Ocean Surface Wind • Global Precipitation • Earth Radiation Budget • Atmospheric Composition • Special imaging for ocean colour, vegetation • Dual-angle view IR imagery • Land Surface Imaging • Synthetic Aperture Radar • Space Weather instruments Lidar Working Group, Miami, Feb 8-9 2011

  13. Vision of the space-based GOS to 2025Operational pathfinders and demonstrators Lidar Working Group, Miami, Feb 8-9 2011

  14. Summary • As of June 2009, space-based wind lidars as operational pathfinders are part of the official WMO Vision for the Global Observing System 2025 • This means that the heads of the National Meteorogical and Hydrological Services of the WMO member states have signed off on this • WMO does not own or implement satellite systems • Requirements, performance databases and gap analysis lead to implementation plan and vision • Can act as a forcing function on national and international implementation plans Lidar Working Group, Miami, Feb 8-9 2011

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