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Community Ecology: Structure, Species Interactions, Succession, and Sustainability. G. Tyler Miller’s Living in the Environment 13 th Edition Chapter 8. Dr. Richard Clements Chattanooga State Technical Community College. Key Concepts. Community structure. Roles of species.
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Community Ecology: Structure, Species Interactions, Succession, and Sustainability G. Tyler Miller’s Living in the Environment 13th Edition Chapter 8 Dr. Richard Clements Chattanooga State Technical Community College
Key Concepts • Community structure • Roles of species • Species interactions • Changes in ecosystems • Stability of ecosystems
Community Structure: Appearance and Species Diversity • Stratification Fig. 8-2p. 166 • Species diversity • Species richness • Niche structure • Edge effects
Biodiversity Ants Birds Fig. 8-3 p. 167 • Latitude • Depth • Pollution • Theory of island biogeography
General Types of Species • Native • Non-native (exotic or alien) • Indicator • Keystone
Species Interactions: Competition • Intraspecific competition • Interspecific competition • Interference competition • Exploitation competition • Competitive exclusion principle • Resource partitioning
Resource Partitioning Fig. 8-9 p. 175; Refer to Fig. 7-13 p. 152 & Fig. 8-10 p. 175
Species Interactions: Predation • Predator • Prey • Prey acquisition • Predator Avoidance Refer to Fig. 8-11 p. 177
Symbiotic Species Interactions: Parasitism • Parasite • Host • Endoparasites • Ectoparasites
Symbiotic Species Interactions: Mutualism • Reproductive mutualism: pollination • Nutritional mutualism • Nutritional/protection mutualism Fig. 8-12 p. 179
Symbiotic Species Interactions: Commensalism • Indirect: i.e., small plants growing in shade of larger plants • Direct: i.e., epiphytes, remoras Fig. 8-13 p. 180
Ecological Succession: Communities in Transition • Primary succession • Secondary succession • Pioneer species • Successional species
Primary Succession Fig. 8-14 p. 180
Secondary Succession Fig. 8-15 p. 181
Succession and Wildlife Fig. 8-16 p. 182
The Rate of Succession • Facilitation • Inhibition • Tolerance Refer to Table 8-1 p. 182
Ecological Stability and Sustainability • Disturbance • Climax community • Inertia Refer to Table 8-2 p. 193 • Constancy • Resilience • Precautionary principle