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KEY CONCEPT Life depends on chemical reactions.

Explore the fundamental concepts of chemical reactions, including how bonds break and form to transform reactants into products. Learn about energy changes in reactions, equilibrium, bond energy, activation energy, and the distinctions between exothermic and endothermic reactions. Delve into the critical question of how activation energy correlates with reaction types.

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KEY CONCEPT Life depends on chemical reactions.

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  1. KEY CONCEPT Life depends on chemical reactions.

  2. Bonds break and form during chemical reactions. • Chemical reactions change substances into different ones by breaking and forming chemical bonds. • Reactants are changed during a chemical reaction. • Products are made by a chemical reaction.

  3. Energy is added to break bonds. • Energy is released when bonds form. • Bond energy is the amount of energy that breaks a bond. • A reaction is at equilibrium when reactants and products form at the same rate. CO2 + H2O H2CO3

  4. Chemical reactions release or absorb energy. • Activation energy is the amount of energy that needs to be absorbed to start a chemical reaction.

  5. Exothermic reactions release more energy than they absorb. • Reactants have higher bond energies than products. • Excess energy is released by the reaction.

  6. Endothermic reactions absorb more energy than they release. • Reactants have lower bond energies than products. • Energy is absorbed by the reaction to make up the difference. Critical viewing: Is the amount of activation energy related to whether a reaction is exothermic or endothermic? Why or why not?

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