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KEY CONCEPT Photosynthesis requires a series of chemical reactions.

KEY CONCEPT Photosynthesis requires a series of chemical reactions. LIGHT-DEPENDENT REACTIONS: The first stage of photosynthesis captures and transfers energy. The light-dependent reactions occur in and across the thylakoid membrane. Photosystem II captures and transfers energy.

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KEY CONCEPT Photosynthesis requires a series of chemical reactions.

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  1. KEY CONCEPT Photosynthesis requires a series of chemical reactions.

  2. LIGHT-DEPENDENT REACTIONS: The first stage of photosynthesis captures and transfers energy. • The light-dependent reactions occur in and across the thylakoid membrane.

  3. Photosystem II captures and transfers energy. • chlorophyll absorbs energy from sunlight • water molecules are split releasing oxygen atoms and hydrogen ions • oxygen is released as waste • hydrogen ions are transported across thylakoid membrane

  4. Photosystem I captures energy and produces energy-carrying molecules. • energized electrons are used to make NADPH and ATP • NADPH and ATP are transferred to the light-independent reactions

  5. The light-dependent reactions produce ATP. • hydrogen ions flow through a channel in the thylakoid membrane • ATP synthase attached to the channel makes ATP

  6. The second stage of photosynthesis uses energy from the first stage to make sugars. • The LIGHT-INDEPENDENT REACTIONS occur in the stroma and use CO2 molecules. • The CO2 enters the leaf through the stomata and then diffuses to the chloroplast.

  7. carbon dioxide molecules enter the Calvin cycle • They combine with RuBP with the assistance of RuBP carboxylase • RuBP carboxylase is an enzyme that assists in the bonding of 1 carbon with RuBP (5 carbons) • energy is added and carbon molecules are rearranged • They are split into two three-carbon chains • a high-energy • three-carbon molecule • leaves the cycle • A molecule of glucose is formed as it stores some of the energy captured from sunlight.

  8. A molecule of glucose is formed as it stores some of the energy captured from sunlight. • two three-carbon molecules of PGAL (phosphoglyceraldehyde) bond to form a sugar • remaining molecules stay in the cycle

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