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Marketing Communications and New Product Adoption. 6. Case 1: New Product Adoption The Internet. 2001: 63% U.S. HH own computer 57% HH connected to Internet How long will it take for Internet to reach 100% penetration?. 1. Case 2: New Product Adoption Television.
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Case 1: New Product AdoptionThe Internet • 2001: 63% U.S. HH own computer 57% HH connected to Internet How long will it take for Internet to reach 100% penetration? 1
Case 2: New Product AdoptionTelevision • 1947-1955: Took 8 years to reach 63% penetration • Took another 30 years to reach current penetration of 98% • Would you expect Internet to reach same 98% level? How long would it take? Faster or slower than for TV? • What are some considerations that shed light on these questions? 2
New Products & Innovation New flavors, sizes, packages Annual new models in cars; New fashions First introduction of compact cars; Color television Invention of computer; Jet aircraft 5
Adoption Process Trialability Relative Advantage Observability Innovation Related Characteristics Compatibility Complexity 6
Relative Advantage • A product innovation is perceived as better than existing alternatives • Positively correlated with an innovation’s adoption rate 7
Relative Advantage An illustration of relative advantage
Relative Advantage Another illustration of relative advantage
Compatibility • An innovation is perceived to fit into a person’s way of doing things • The greater compatibility, the more rapid a product’s rate of adoption • Overcome perception of incompatibility through: 8
Compatibility A compatibility problem
Complexity • An innovation’s degree of perceived difficulty • The more difficult, the slower the rate of adoption • Examples? 9
Complexity Offsetting perceived product complexity
Trialability • An innovation can be used on a limited basis prior to making a full blown commitment • The trial experience serves to reduce the risk of a consumer’s being dissatisfied with a product after having permanently committed to it through outright purchase 10
Adoption Process An effort to promote vicarious trial
Observability • The product user or other people can observe the positive effects of new product usage • Higher the visibility, more rapid the adoption rate 11
Adoption Process Trialability Relative Advantage Observability Amazon Kindle 2.0? Compatibility Complexity 6
Case 3: New Product AdoptionGo-Gurt How to get kids & teens to eat yogurt? 6
Stimulating Word of Mouth Influence • Impersonal sources: • Personal sources: 9
Stimulating Word of Mouth Influence • Positive word-of-mouth communication is critical in the success of a new product or service • Unfavorable WOM have devastating effects because consumers seem to place more weight on negative information in making evaluations 10
Opinion Leader • A person who frequently influences other individuals’ attitudes or overt behavior • An informer, persuader, and confirmer • Influence is typically limited to one or several consumption topics • Influence moves horizontally through a social class (not across) 11
Opinion Leaders Characteristics 12
Opinion Leaders Market Mavens 13
Tactics: “Seeding the Market” • Supplying advance samples in key markets to people who are likely to be influential. • Finding cheerleaders who will get the talk started. 14
Creating “BUZZ” • Law of the Few • StickinessFactor • Power of Context
Igniting Explosive Demand 1.Design the product to be unique, visible • Select and seed the vanguard • Ration supply • Use celebrity icons • Tap the power of lists 6. Nurture the grass roots